By C. Paul Vincent
The failure of Germany's first republic after global struggle I has aroused numerous a long time of centred examine. Synthesizing a lot of that examine, this historic dictionary will increase an figuring out of the Weimar Republic. It comprises entries on participants as varied as Bertolt Brecht, Adolf Hitler, the physicist Lise Meitner, and the movie director Georg W. Pabst. There also are entries defining such occasions because the Beerhall Putsch and the French career of the Ruhr; a variety of enterprises and associations, comparable to the Frankfurt college; the complicated array of political events; and treaties and agreements, akin to the Locarno Treaties of 1925 and the 1929 younger Plan.
Arranged as an A to Z reference resource for the learn of recent German historical past, the dictionary provides substance to cultural phrases (such as Dada), to movie and track, and to suggestions, comparable to Anti-Semitism and Justice, deemed very important to an knowing of the interval. All entries finish with bibliographic references.
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Extra info for A historical dictionary of germany's weimar republic, 1918-1933
Example text
After Philipp Scheidemann* proclaimed ‘‘the German Republic,’’ Friedrich Ebert* found it necessary to secure his regime by forming Freikorps* units to counter leftist revolts in Berlin’s streets. The resulting tumult forced the pristine National Assembly* to desert the capital for Weimar. But the deadly clashes that marked the spring of 1919 (approximately 1,200 people, many of them innocent bystanders, were slain in March) simply initiated a string of crises. March 1920 witnessed the rightist Kapp* Putsch, and from war’s end through the numbing inflation,* the typical Berliner lived with hunger and soup kitchens (first appearing in the ‘‘Turnip Winter’’ of 1916–1917).
After pursuing theology during 1877–1881, he attended seminary in Munich and entered the priesthood in 1883. Evolving into a distinguished church administrator, he was named Bishop in 1906 of his home city, Hildesheim. Advanced to Archbishop of Breslau in 1914, he received a Cardinal’s cap in 1916. As tradition dictated, he became Chairman of the Conference of German Bishops at the death in 1919 of Felix Cardinal von Hartmann; he retained the position until his own death. As Breslau was in eastern Silesia, Bertram was sensitive to the church’s exposure resulting from the severe Polish-German tension of the 1920s.
From March 1920 until Weimar’s demise, the BVP retained the Prime Ministership and most other governmental portfolios. But state politics were marked by a peculiar struggle between the BVP, as the reactionary defender of states’ rights and clerical prerogative, and the NSDAP, the voice of a radical, anticlerical nationalism. Munich’s suspicion of Berlin, which typically unified Bavarians, induced several disputes with the Reich government: Bavaria refused to employ the Law for the Protection of the Republic,* it sheltered illegal paramilitary groups, and it retained unsanctioned People’s Courts.
