By Walter Geller, Martin Schultze, Bob Kleinmann, Christian Wolkersdorfer
This monograph presents a global standpoint on pit lakes in post-mining landscapes, together with the matter of geogenic acidification. a lot has been realized over the last decade via study and useful event on how one can mitigate or remediate the environmental difficulties of acidic pit lakes. within the first a part of the booklet, basic medical concerns are awarded in 21 contributions from the fields of geo-environmental technological know-how, water chemistry, lake physics, lake modeling, and at the bizarre organic beneficial properties that happen within the severe habitats of acidic pit lakes. one other bankruptcy offers an outline of tools at the moment used to remediate acidic pit lakes and deal with outflowing acidic water. the second one a part of the ebook is a set of nearby surveys of pit lake difficulties from 3 ecu international locations and Australia, and case stories of assorted person consultant lakes. a last case research offers an cutting edge method of assessing the industrial worth of latest pit lakes and balancing the prices and merits, a worthy software for determination makers.
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Extra resources for Acidic Pit Lakes: The Legacy of Coal and Metal Surface Mines
Example text
1). For at least some of the Australian pit lakes, the diversion of highly saline water into lakes from the local rivers during the first flush at the beginning of the wet season would have likely disrupted any relationship between these cations and pH. The source of the salt in the river water was agricultural land use (McCullough et al. 2010), which is causing salinization of soil, groundwater, and river water in many regions of Australia. g. Jolly et al. (2001).
Also, pit lakes often interconnect different aquifers, which may otherwise be separated; these pit lakes act like a mixing, aeration, and reaction chamber. The outflowing water has a different water quality than the influent groundwater. Even if groundwater of a deep aquifer only passes through the anoxic monimolimnion of a meromictic pit lake, the water quality will be changed in the lake, since the permanent input of substances into the monimolimnion by sedimentation changes the geochemistry of the water.
G. temperature compensation of electrical conductivity, and the implementation of density functions based on partial molal volumes in numerical models. The effect of (biogeo-)chemical transformations on stratification still needs to be quantitatively investigated. Numerical models must be developed and used to improve prognostication of the evolution of water quality in pit lakes and to demonstrate remediation strategies for pit lakes. Such prognosticative tools may also prove useful for predicting changes in ‘‘natural’’ lakes that may result under change of use and climate variability.
