By Ivar Lodemel, Amilcar Moreira
The decade of the 20 th century was once marked by way of a shift in how welfare-states take care of these on the backside of the source of revenue ladder. This shift concerned the introduction/strengthening of work-obligations as a situation for receiving minimal source of revenue advantages - which, in a few international locations, used to be complemented by way of efforts to assist recipients go back to the labour industry, particularly during the funding in lively labour marketplace guidelines (ALMP).
Based on case-studies of advancements within the US and 8 eu countries (UK, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, France, Portugal and the Czech Republic), this e-book argues that this primary set of reforms used to be via a moment wave of reforms that, while deepening the trail in the direction of the point of interest on paintings, brings vital suggestions- be it the instruments used to aid recipients again to the labour markets (ex., monetary incentives) and in how activation rules are added (ex., integration of gain and employment services).
Looking on the array of advancements brought in this interval, we parent key tendencies.
The first issues the strengthening of the function of the industry within the governance of activation, that's noticeable within the strengthening of the point of interest on paintings, or the marketisation of employment prone. the second one, matters a movement in the direction of the individualisation of carrier supply, obvious within the growth of using own motion plans or in efforts to streamline carrier supply.
Finally, we convey that the onset of the sovereign debt difficulty in Europe, has brought on a brand new wave of reforms. when tentative in simple terms, our research issues to a being concerned pattern of the curtailment or merits (Portugal) and activation providers (Netherlands, Czech Republic) to minimal source of revenue recipients and, in parallel, an extra deepening of the point of interest on work-conditionality (UK and Norway).
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Additional resources for Activation or Workfare? Governance and the Neo-Liberal Convergence
Example text
The governance of activation. Social Policy & Society, 7(3), 393–402. , & Sirovátka, T. (2011). The governance of active welfare states. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave MacMillan. , & Sirovátka, T. (2012a). Governance of the activation policies in Europe: Introduction. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 32(5/6), 260–272. , & Ehrler, F. (2012b). The diversity of activation markets in Europe. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 32(5/6), 273–285. , & Valkenburg, B. (2007).
In response to the Labour Party loss on the poverty issue, the party set up a working group on social rights after the election. This group introduced the idea of a “welfare contract,” which was informed by the socioliberal notion of regulating the rights and duties of individuals (Johansson & Hvinden, 2005). With this idea, the party turned against the left wing’s more traditional emphasis concerning the structural factors responsible for the creation of poverty (Allern, Bay, & Saglie, 2009). 26 Activation or Workfare?
In this sense, the program ushered a new approach toward marginalized groups—with less emphasis on traditional social work and more emphasis on employment services, an approach that was mainstreamed with the Qualification Program and the establishment of NAV offices. In addition to refugees and immigrants, young people have been a prioritized group. As in many other Western countries, Norway is concerned about young people failing to complete a secondary educational program and transitioning into stable employment.
