By Prem Seth
Ever on account that their discovery, adenoviruses have confirmed to be tremendousasset to biologists. throughout the examine of the adenoviruses theauthors have discovered not just concerning the virus buildings, mechanismsof viral replication, but additionally approximately eukaryotic gene expression,alternative splicing, legislation of cellphone cycle development, andapoptosis. within the final 5 years, there was an explosion within the use of adenoviruses as vectors for gene move to a number of mammalian cells. Adenoviral vectors also are being demonstrated in section I medical trials for cystic fibrosis and for lots of different types of cancers. those fresh advancements in using adenoviral vectors for gene remedy have rejuvenate an curiosity within the simple technological know-how of adenovirus examine. extra importantly, it has generated a need for a unmarried quantity that covers either the biology of adenoviruses aswell as our development within the use of adenoviruses as vectors for gene remedy. This e-book was once written accurately to meet this kind of desire.
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Additional resources for Adenoviruses. Basic Biology to Gene Therapy
Sample text
8. Nevins JR. E2F: A link between the Rb tumor suppressor protein and viral oncoproteins. Science 1992; 258:424-429. 9. Weinberg R. The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control. Cell 1995; 81:323-330. 10. Sprengel J, Schmitz B, Heuss-Neitzel D et al. Nucleotide sequences of human adenovirus type 12 DNA: Comparative functional analysis. J Virol 1994; 68:379-389. 11. Chiocca S, Kurzbauer R, Schaffner G et al. The complete DNA sequence and genomic organization of the avian adenovirus CELO. J Virol 1996; 70:2939-2949.
3, viral transcription generally depends on a TATA sequence and a constellation of binding sites for cellular, sequence-specific activators upstream of the site of initiation. However, these viral promoters are usually more compact than their cellular counterparts. Early investigations of the organization of adenoviral promoters led to the discovery of several cellular activators of transcription, including USF,40,41E2F42 and ATF43 (Fig. 3). With the exception of that of the E1A gene, maximally efficient transcription from viral promoters by RNA polymerase II in infected cells requires viral proteins (E1A or IVa2 proteins, see above), even though these transcriptional control regions are quite active in in vitro systems.
9 Å resolution. Reprinted with permission from Athappilly FK, Murali R, Rux JJ, Cai Z, Burnett RM. J Mol Biol 1994; 242:430-455. ©1994 Academic Press Limited. Adenovirus Capsid Proteins 11 Fig. 4. Hexon trimer. The Ad2 hexon trimer is shown as a space-filling model with the individual subunits in different shades of gray. The view is from the side, normal to the threefold axis, with the interface between two subunits at the front. The subunits are curved vertically so that each clasps its neighbor.
