By Chih Ted Yang, Lawrence K. Wang
This publication, Advances in Water assets Engineering, quantity 14, covers the subjects on watershed sediment dynamics and modeling, built-in simulation of interactive floor water and groundwater platforms, river channel stabilization with submerged vanes, non-equilibrium sediment delivery, reservoir sedimentation, and fluvial strategies, minimal power dissipation cost conception and functions, hydraulic modeling improvement and alertness, geophysical equipment for evaluate of earthen dams, soil erosion on upland components through rainfall and overland stream, geofluvial modeling methodologies and purposes, and environmental water engineering glossary.
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Example text
Therefore, at different time steps, different assurance coefficients Fs = FR/FD will be obtained. However, in order to meet the randomicity of gravitational erosion, fuzzy analysis is adopted to gain the assurance coefficient, and finally, the membership grade of destabilization is achieved. Whether a random event happens or not is judged when the model is running. When failure is predicted to occur, the volume of failure block per unit reach length can be calculated from geometry. Assume that the probability of failure along the channel reach is Pg; then the sediment yield caused by the gravitational erosion of each channel segment can be calculated.
Gully A long, narrow valley with steep sides. Hillslope The sloping side of a hill. Hydrological station An agency that observes and studies the hydrologic conditions of bodies of water and territories. Hyperconcentrated flow A two-phase flowing mixture of water and sediment in a channel, which has properties intermediate between fluvial flow and debris flow. Leaf area index A dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies. Meteorological station A facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate.
0 for the rising limb and 0 for the receding limb. 23) 1 Watershed Sediment Dynamics and Modeling 23 where Ch = (1/B)(∂Q/∂h) is the wave velocity coefficient of the h-form diffusive wave equation. 25) where C the wave velocity coefficient Int() the operation of rounding. Sediment transport is considered as the suspended load transport. 26) where S and S0 sediment concentrations (kg/m3) S* and S0* sediment transport capacities of the outlet and inlet cross-sections (kg/m3) α coefficient of saturation recovery ωs settling velocity of the sediment particles (m/s).
