By David A. Bender
Amino Acid Metabolism, 3rd Edition covers all facets of the biochemistry and dietary biochemistry of the amino acids. beginning with an outline of nitrogen fixation and the incorporation of inorganic nitrogen into amino acids, the booklet then information different significant nitrogenous compounds in micro-organisms, crops and animals. Contents contain a dialogue of the catabolism of amino acids and different nitrogenous compounds in animals, and the microbiological reactions desirous about unlock of nitrogen fuel again into the ambience. Mammalian (mainly human) protein and amino acid standards are thought of intimately, and the tools which are used to figure out them.
Chapters ponder person amino acids, grouped based on their metabolic starting place, and discussing their biosynthesis (in crops and micro-organisms for those who are nutritional necessities for human beings), significant metabolic roles (mainly in human metabolism) and catabolism (again typically in human metabolism). there's additionally dialogue of regulatory mechanisms for these kinds of metabolic pathways, and of metabolic and genetic illnesses affecting the (human) metabolism of amino acids.
Throughout the ebook the emphasis is at the dietary value of amino acids, integration and keep an eye on of metabolism and metabolic and different disturbances of relevance to human biochemistry and health.
- Completely revised version of this complete textual content protecting all of the most recent findings in amino acid metabolism research
- Written through an expert within the box
- Covers new advances in structural biology
- Clear illustrations of all buildings and metabolic pathways
- Full record of prompt additional analyzing for every bankruptcy and bibliography of papers mentioned within the text
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Sample text
Patients with gout have elevated levels of xanthine oxidase, but it is not clear whether this is a cause of the condition or a result of increased concentrations of xanthine and hypoxanthine. However, the usual treatment for gout, whatever the underlying cause, is administration of allopurinol and more modern inhibitors of xanthine oxidase.
Glutamine is the major source of nitrogen to most tissues, and it is also a major metabolic fuel for rapidly dividing cells of the immune system and gastro-intestinal tract (Chwals, 2004). The hydrolysis of glutamine to ammonium and glutamate, catalyzed by glutaminase, occurs in both the liver and the kidneys. There are different isoenzymes of glutaminase in these two tissues. The liver enzyme is induced in response to starvation (when amino acids arising from tissue proteins are being catabolized as metabolic fuel) or a high protein diet (when there are surplus amino acids to be deaminated and used for synthesis of fatty acids and glucose), while the kidney enzyme responds to metabolic acidosis (Curthoys & Watford, 1995).
RuBisCO catalyzes oxygenation of ribulose bis-phosphate to yield glycerate 3-phosphate and glycolate 2-phosphate in the chloroplast. 3 THE INCORPORATION OF FIXED NITROGEN INTO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 21 glyoxylate and transaminated to yield glycine. 2) to yield carbon dioxide and ammonium. 4. , 1996). The tobacco wildfire toxin produced by Pseudomonas tabaci causes chlorosis and leaf death in plants exposed to the bacterium (and convulsions in experimental animals). It is an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, so that ammonium produced by photorespiration in the infected plants cannot be re-assimilated and consequently accumulates to toxic concentrations (Sinden & Durbin, 1968).
