By L. Kirkup, R. B. Frenkel
Size shapes clinical theories, characterises advancements in production procedures and promotes effective trade. In live performance with size is uncertainty, and scholars in technology and engineering have to establish and quantify uncertainties within the measurements they make. This e-book introduces size and uncertainty to moment and 3rd yr scholars of technological know-how and engineering. Its method is dependent upon the across the world known and urged guidance for calculating and expressing uncertainty (known by means of the acronym GUM). The information underpinning the tools are thought of and labored examples and routines are unfold during the textual content. targeted case reports in accordance with regular undergraduate experiments are incorporated to enhance the foundations defined within the ebook. This advisor can also be beneficial to pros in who're anticipated to grasp the modern equipment during this more and more very important region. extra on-line assets can be found to aid the ebook at www.cambridge.org/9780521605793.
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Extra info for An Introduction to Uncertainty in Measurement: Using the GUM
Example text
For example, the electrical resistance of a conducting material varies with temperature. To measure its temperature coefficient of resistance, we measure the resistance at intentionally different temperatures. 2). 1. Random errors when measuring the temperature coefficient of a resistor (courtesy of the National Measurement Institute of Australia). the distribution of temperature over its surface to be as uniform as possible. It is therefore immersed in a tank of stirred oil that can be set to various temperatures.
1 mm. 1%. 3% proportional uncertainty. 6 × 104 mm3 . We note that writing this as 66 000 mm3 implies too low an uncertainty, in view of the zeros. Finally, it is worth noting that, if n is between −1 and 1, implying a fractional power, the proportional uncertainty in the result will be less than that in the original data. This would arise, for example, if we calculated the diameter of a sphere when given its volume. 15 K Where there are several steps in a calculation, it is prudent not to round intermediate results, since premature rounding introduces unnecessary error that will propagate through to the final answer.
1) by its unit gives unit of speed = m , which may also be written as either m/s or m · s−1 . s The unit of speed does not have a special name, but there are derived units, such as those of force and energy, that do. 2 contains examples of SI derived units that have special names. The units of other quantities, such as latent heat, are usually expressed as a combination of derived units, with special names, and base units. 3. While it is often convenient to use derived units with special names when indicating the units of a quantity, all units may be expressed in terms of base units.
