By Jacqueline A. Hubbard, Devin K. Binder
Epilepsy is a devastating workforce of neurological issues characterised by way of periodic and unpredictable seizure task within the brain. there's a serious desire for brand new medicines and ways given than no less than one-third of all epilepsy sufferers aren't made freed from seizures through present medicinal drugs and turn into "medically refractory". a lot of epilepsy study has excited by neuronal healing objectives, yet present antiepileptic medicines usually reason critical cognitive, developmental, and behavioral unintended effects. contemporary findings point out a severe contribution of astrocytes, star-shaped glial cells within the mind, to neuronal and community excitability and seizure activity. in addition, many very important mobile and molecular adjustments happen in astrocytes in epileptic tissue in either people and animal types of epilepsy. The aim of Astrocytes and Epilepsy is to comprehensively assessment intriguing findings linking alterations in astrocytes to practical adjustments liable for epilepsy for the 1st time in booklet format. those insights into astrocyte contribution to seizure susceptibility point out that astrocytes may possibly symbolize a major new healing goal within the keep an eye on of epilepsy.
Astrocytes and Epilepsy comprises history explanatory textual content on astrocyte morphology and body structure, epilepsy types and syndromes, and facts from either human tissue stories and animal types linking sensible adjustments in astrocytes to epilepsy. superbly labelled diagrams are offered and appropriate figures from the literature are reproduced to clarify key findings and ideas during this speedily rising field. Astrocytes and Epilepsy is written for neuroscientists, epilepsy researchers, astrocyte investigators in addition to neurologists and different experts taking care of sufferers with epilepsy.
- Presents the 1st complete booklet to synthesize old and up to date examine on astrocytes and epilepsy into one coherent volume
- Provides a very good source at the box of astrocyte biology and astrocyte-neuron interactions
- Details strength healing ambitions, together with chapters on hole junctions, water and potassium channels, glutamate and adenosine metabolism, and inflammation
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Sample text
He indicated that microglia are histiocytes of mesodermal origin as opposed to the epithelial origin of “classical” glia. Regarding microglia he stated: “Since it is of different ancestry and its characteristics differ from those of the nerve cells (first element) and the neuroglial astrocytes (second element) (containing astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), the microglia constitutes the true third element of the central nervous system” [87]. However, there was still much debate on the existence of oligodendroglia as a distinct CNS cell type, due in part to the difficulty involved in staining these cells.
Bol Soc Esp Biol 1919;9:69–120. [56] Lenhossék Mv. Der feinere Bau des Nervensystems im Lichte neuester Forschung. Berlin: Fisher’s Medicinische Buchhandlung H. Kornfield; 1893. [57] Andriezen WL. The neuroglia elements of the brain. Br Med J 1893;2:227–30. [58] Schleich CL. Schmerzlose Operationen. Oertliche Betäubung mit indiffrenten Flüssigkeiten. Berlin: Julius Springer; 1894. [59] Lugaro E. Sulle funzioni della nevroglia. Riv Patol Nerv Ment 1907;12:225–33. [60] Mennerick S, Zorumski CF. Glial contributions to excitatory neurotransmission in cultured hippocampal cells.
00002-8 39 © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 40 2. Astrocytes in the Mammalian Brain CLASSIFICATION OF NEUROGLIA AND ASTROCYTE TYPES IN THE CNS Neuroglia are classified into peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) glia (Fig. 1). There are various forms of specialized PNS glia including Schwann cells (responsible for myelinating and surrounding peripheral nerve axons), olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs, found in the olfactory system), satellite glia (found in peripheral ganglia), and enteric glia (in the enteric nervous system).
