Astrophysics & Cosmology by J. Garcia Bellido

By J. Garcia Bellido

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68]. A similar diagram is found by the High Redshift Supernova Project [69]. Both groups conclude that distant supernovae are fainter than expected, and this could be due to an accelerating universe. This conclusions have been supported by growingly robust observational evidence from distant supernovae. In their quest for the cosmological parameters, astronomers look for distant astrophysical objects that can serve as standard candles to determine the distance to the object from their observed apparent luminosity.

However, during inflation, with ÔíÖ ⑥ ➬ ➓ ✇ ➋ ⑥ðï ↔ and therefore ➸ ↔ is a stable attractor of the equations of motion, see Eq. (91). As a consequence, what seemed an ad hoc initial condition, becomes a natural prediction of inflation.

The need to introduce an effective cosmological constant on large scales is nowadays the only reason why gravity may need to be modified at the quantum level. Since we still do not have a quantum theory of gravity, such a proposal is still very speculative, and most of the approaches simply consider the inclusion of a cosmological constant as a phenomenological parameter. 10 Massive neutrinos One of the ‘usual suspects’ when addressing the problem of dark matter are neutrinos. They are the only candidates known to exist.

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Astrophysics & Cosmology by J. Garcia Bellido
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