By Hans Pauly
This e-book completes the actual foundations and experimental recommendations defined in quantity 1 with an up to date assessment of the accent apparatus necessary in molecular beam experiments. It extends the topic to cluster beams and beams of hyperthermal and subthermal energies. As in quantity 1, a different attempt is made to stipulate the actual foundations of many of the experimental strategies. as a result this booklet is meant not just as a reference normal for researchers within the box, but additionally to convey the flavour of present molecular beam learn to complicated undergraduates and graduate scholars and to permit them to achieve a superb heritage within the box and its technique.
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Additional info for Atom, Molecule, and Cluster Beams II: Cluster Beams, Fast and Slow Beams, Accessory Equipment and Applications
Sample text
14. The heavy species is injected through an inner tube (4) on the axis of a convergent-divergent nozzle (5), which terminates within the divergent part of the nozzle in the low-pressure region of the supersonic carrier gas expansion. Thus, the cartier gas jet acts as a pump, effectively evacuating the heavy gas species from the injection tube. Due to the interaction with the already cooled carrier gas molecules, the heavy species is effectively cooled, and since the streamlines of the cartier gas flow in the vicinity of the expansion centerline are parallel to the axis, the main portion of the heavy species remains in the vicinity of the axis.
The axial magnetic field is produced between two cylindrical soft iron disk-sbaped yokes ( 10), which are magnetized by 16 srnall permanent magnets ( 11) between these yokes around the outer circumference. 1 T confmes the plasma to the vicinity of the axis. The gas is admitted to the plasma chamber by four tangentially arranged cbannels (12). The skirnmer (14), located downstream of the nozzle is water-cooled and roade from tungsten. lts distance from the nozzle is adjustable from outside the vacuum cbamber in the range from 10 to 60 mm.
10 has been used to investigate recombination reactions of O atoms with NO and CO molecules adsorbed on a MgF2 target (9). The reactions are detected by the lurninescence emitted from the N02 or C02 molecules formed in the reaction. Negative oxygen atoms cannot reach the target due to an appropriate potential at the mirror (8) and at a grid in front of the mirror (not shown in Fig. 10). The light emanating from the target is imaged by the mirror and a lens (10) onto the entrance slit of an optica!
