By Ada Gavrilovska
Technological Advances and difficulties of excessive functionality Communications
An environment of suggestions alongside a stack of know-how layers
Cohesively accumulating state of the art contributions from prime researchers in undefined, nationwide laboratories, and academia, Attaining excessive functionality Communications: A Vertical Approach discusses quite a few concerns touching on excessive functionality communications in a selected layer of a vertical stack. It explores effective interconnection undefined, the architectural facets of community adapters and their integration with processor cores, the layout of scalable and strong excessive functionality end-to-end communications companies and protocols, and procedure companies and instruments for brand new multi-core environments.
No unmarried answer utilized at one specific layer may also help purposes remedy all performance-related matters with conversation prone. in its place, this ebook indicates coordinated attempt is required one of the layers. It covers many differing types of applied sciences and layers around the stack, from the architectural gains of the undefined, throughout the protocols and their implementation in working method kernels, to the way within which program providers and middleware are utilizing underlying systems. The ebook additionally describes key advancements in high-end systems, excessive functionality interconnection materials and conversation libraries, and multi- and many-core systems.
This quantity addresses the demanding situations all in favour of rising varieties of communications purposes, structures, and providers. studying every one layer within the vertical stack, it illustrates easy methods to put off bottlenecks and supply optimization opportunities.
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Extra info for Attaining High Performance Communications A Vertical Approach
Sample text
4% by decreasing the number of CPUs per node from 4 to 2, effectively halving the contention for the network interface controller (NIC). 6 GB/s bandwidth, and 2 CPUs/node) is 68% for Partisn, 24% for Sweep3D, and 15% for SAGE, indicating that network performance is in fact important to parallel-application performance. Of course, these results are sensitive to the particular applications, input parameters, and the selected variations in network characteristics. Nevertheless, other researchers have also found communication performance to be an important contributor to overall application performance.
45 times as fast as ASCI Q. Overspecifying the network was in fact an important aspect of Red Storm’s design [58]. 3 Network Topology One of the fundamental design decisions when architecting an interconnection network for a massively parallel system is the choice of network topology. 2, there are a wide variety of metrics one can use to compare topologies. 2: Properties of a ring vs. a fully connected network of n nodes Metric Ring Fully connected Diameter Avg. dist. Degree Bisection Switches Minimal paths Contention n/2 n/4 2 2 n 1 blocking 1 1 n−1 n 2 2 n 1 nonblocking number of tradeoffs that can impact performance, cost, scalability, complexity, robustness, and power consumption: Minimize diameter Reducing the hop count (number of switch crossings) should help reduce the overall latency.
The lesson is that the selection of a topology for a massively parallel system must be based on what current technology makes fast, inexpensive, power-conscious, etc. Although hypercubes did not often make the top 10, they do make for an interesting case study in a topology’s boom and bust. Starting in 1986, there were enough hypercube systems, users, and researchers to warrant an entire conference devoted solely to hypercubes. 3 estimates interest in hypercubes — rather informally — by presenting the number of pages in this conference’s proceedings.
