By Jiří V Černý; Bedr̆ich Moldan
Distinct multinational individuals current learn of small catchments to envision various environmental difficulties, specifically these of acidification, woodland administration and land-use alterations. Divided into elements, it introduces theoretical thoughts via a overview of atmospheric deposition and evaluate of weathering and erosion approaches. the second one part bargains with the technique of the given self-discipline, stressing novel techniques and discussing difficulties
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Additional resources for Biogeochemistry of small catchments : a tool for environmental research ; [summary of meeting held in Most, Czechoslovakia Nov. 1990]
Example text
Already three decades ago Leopold (1962) proposed an extensive network of "benchmark" stations for the United States. The programme of measurements at these sites gradually expanded from purely hydrological observations to more complex projects involving measurements of chemical parameters. These chemical data were used for regional evaluation of the sulphur deposition pattern across the United States (Smith and Alexander, 1986; Lins, 1986). In several European countries, national networks of small catchments are used as a tool for integrated environmental monitoring.
For instance, measurement of groundwater loss across a topographical water divide remains beyond the possibilities of today's researchers. Transpiration, interception and, therefore, evapotranspiration are generally reduced with forest harvesting, which produces more soil water available for the remaining plants and/or increased water movement to streams or groundwater. The quantity of extra water produced depends on a combination of factors, including the amount and type of forest vegetation, soil type, intensity and pattern of cutting, and climate of the area.
There are many specific recommendations for future research given in this book. Here we will try to stress only the most important ones: (a) Long-term continuation of measurements in existing representative or experimental small catchments. (b) Intensifying studies in hydrology, hydrochemistry, atmospheric deposition research, biology and other "small catchment disciplines" and enhancing data quality of all collected data. (c) Development of conceptual and mathematical models. (d) More extensive use of inter-site comparison, nested and paired catchments.
