By Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Biology: The Dynamic technology is the 1st basic biology textual content with an experimental method that connects historic learn, contemporary advances accomplished with molecular instruments, and a glimpse of the long run in the course of the eyes of sought after researchers engaged on key unanswered questions of the day. This finished framework does not come on the rate of crucial techniques. fairly, it offers a significant, practical context for studying all the center fabric that scholars needs to grasp of their first direction. Written "from the floor up" with minimum jargon and crisp, elementary motives of the present country of organic wisdom, the textual content helps scholars as they examine the clinical process-and tips on how to imagine as scientists do.
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Photograph by Mindy McNaugher Selling penicillin. This ad, from a 1944 issue of Life magazine, credits penicillin with saving the lives of wounded soldiers. microorganisms—along with the genes that confer antibiotic resistance—become more common in later generations. In other words, bacterial strains adapt to antibiotics through the evolutionary process of selection. Our use of antibiotics is comparable to artificial selection by plant and animal breeders (see Chapter 19), but when we use antibiotics, we inadvertently select for the success of organisms that we are trying to eradicate.
CHAPTER 20 M I C R O E V O L U T I O N : G E N E T I C C H A N G E S W I T H I N P O P U L AT I O N S 421 Environmental effects on phenotype. Soil acidity affects the expression of the gene controlling flower color in the common garden plant Hydrangea macrophylla. When grown in acid soil, it produces deep blue flowers. In neutral or alkaline soil, its flowers are bright pink. 5). Knowing whether phenotypic variation is caused by genetic differences, environmental factors, or an interaction of the two is important because only genetically based variation is subject to evolutionary change.
For Arthur Morris/VIREO Darwin’s theory recognized the importance of heritable phenotypic variation, and today, microevolutionary studies often begin by assessing phenotypic variation within populations. Most characters exhibit quantitative variation: individuals differ in small, incremental ways. If you weighed everyone in your biology class, for example, you would see that weight varies almost continuously from your lightest to your heaviest classmate. Humans also exhibit quantitative variation in the length of their toes, the number of hairs on their heads, and their height, as discussed in Chapter 12.
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