By J Paulo Davim
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Extra resources for Biomaterials and medical tribology: Research and development
Sample text
Citrate is known as a weak base that can change the solution pH to a certain extent through its concentration. The pH of the solution increases as the citrate concentration increases. Subsequently, the less reactive complexes [AuCl2(OH)2]− and [AuCl(OH)3]− are formed by the hydrolysis of AuCl4−; consequently, the nucleation rate becomes slower and the amount of Au precursor remaining in the solution will become larger. The final particle size is determined by the diffusional growth of Au precursor on the surface of Au nuclei.
Au nanoparticles are used for biomedical applications because of their facile synthesis and surface modification, strongly enhanced and tunable optical properties as well as excellent biocompatibility in the clinic setting. , 2005). In this section, we will summarize the current state-of-the-art of Au nanoparticle synthesis methods and their biomedical applications. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles The synthesis of small, monodisperse nanoparticles is a major challenge in nanotechnology research.
2005). In this case, the nanoparticles are excited by white light from a halogen lamp, which is also the same lamp used for bright field imaging. 3a and b), a dark field condenser delivers and focuses a very narrow beam of white light on the top of the sample with the center illumination light blocked by the aperture. The objective with an iris for adjusting the light collection zone is used to collect only the scattered light from the samples and thus presents an image of a bright object in a dark background.
