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WORK MATERIAL/ALLOY The most important consideration in selecting the correct cutting tool is the work material and its hardness. The material The may be metallic or nonmetallic, ferrous or nonferrous. majority of materials machined in the United States are ferrous materials, carbon, alloy, stainless steels, or cast irons. The cast irons may be gray, ductile, or malleable. There are usually two or three levels of tensile strength within many grades of alloy and stainless steels, as well as the three types of cast iron.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 27 Trent, E. , J. 847-855, 923-932 (1963). , Metal Cutting Principles, Oxford Clarendon Press (1984). Shaw, M. L. , J. Eng. 142-146 (1966). Venkotesh, V. , Proc. 243-248 (1988). Vilenski, D. 623-63 1 (1970). , Internst. Res. Y. 107-113 (1963). S. , J. Amer. Ceram. 221-226 (1966). , Proc. First Internat. 55-62 (1924). Takagi, J. , J. Eng. for Industry, (Trans. ASME). 143-149 (1983). C. and Avery, J. , J. of Eng. for Industry (Trans. 222-229 (1986).
Tool cratering can occur without severe flank and nose The result of wear that would produce parts out-of-tolerance. severe tool cratering is catastrophic tool failure and perhaps a damaged part. The relationship of hardness and toughness is the same for the grades, C5 to C8 as for Cl to C4. Lower numbered grades are tougher, while the higher numbered grades are harder and more wear resistant. The effect on tool life and cutting speed using various grades of carbide is shown in Figure 3-7. Uncoated carbides are still quite widely used in the machining industry.
