By Fouad G. Major, Viorica N. Gheorghe, Günther Werth
This e-book offers an creation and advisor to fashionable advances in charged particle (and antiparticle) confinement by means of electromagnetic fields. Confinement in numerous seize geometries, the effect of catch imperfections, classical and quantum mechanical description of the trapped particle movement, diversified equipment of ion cooling to low temperatures, and non-neutral plasma homes (including Coulomb crystals) are the most topics. They shape the foundation of such purposes of charged particle traps as high-resolution optical and microwave spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, atomic clocks, and, most likely, quantum computing.
Read or Download Charged Particle Traps: Physics and Techniques of Charged Particle Field Confinement PDF
Best measurements books
Measurement and Instrumentation Principles, Third Edition
'Measurement and Instrumentation ideas' is the most recent version of a winning e-book that introduces undergraduate scholars to the size rules and the variety of sensors and tools which are used for measuring actual variables. thoroughly up-to-date to incorporate new applied sciences equivalent to shrewdpermanent sensors, monitors and interfaces, the third version additionally comprises lots of labored examples and self-assessment questions (and solutions).
Cooperating Embedded Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks
A couple of diversified process techniques became obvious within the broader context of embedded structures during the last few years. while there are a few alterations among those, this booklet argues that during truth there's a lot they proportion in universal, rather the real notions of keep an eye on, heterogenity, instant communique, dynamics/ad hoc nature and price.
Additional info for Charged Particle Traps: Physics and Techniques of Charged Particle Field Confinement
Sample text
Then 2 V eff = (∇W ) . 87) is equivalent to the classical result of [100]. 88) where Φ is a solution of the Schr¨ odinger equation in which the time-dependent potential V is replaced by the static potential V eff : i 2 ∂Φ =− ∂t 2M Φ + U (r) Φ + V eff (r) Φ . 89) In reference [99] it is assumed that V (r, t) = cos (Ωt) v(r). Then W (r, t) = sin (Ωt) v (r) , Ω 2 V eff = (∇v) . 88) and Φ is a slowly function of time [99]. In order to study the limitations of the effective potential approximation, we consider the axial Schr¨odinger equation in an ideal Paul trap: i 2 ∂2Ψ 1 ∂Ψ + [c0 + c1 cos (Ωt)] z 2 Ψ .
75]; however, a complete account for most of the stability diagram was given by Alheit et al. [200], who observed instabilities resulting from very high orders of perturbing potentials (Fig. 19). From this figure it is evident that strong instabilities occur at the high-q region of the stability diagram, due to hexapole and octupole terms in the expansion of the potential, which are the highest orders expected in a reasonably well machined trap. 5 Instabilities in an Imperfect Paul Trap 35 Fig.
5. (a) n = 0; (b) n = 1 46 2 The Paul Trap Fig. 25. 5. 3 Effective Potentials The first quantum-mechanical treatment of the time-dependent trapping potential was given by Cook, Shankland, and Wells in [99]. We present a general effective potential approach to the quantum motion of charged particles in rapidly oscillating fields. 82) ∂t 2M where V is a time-periodic function of period T = 2π/Ω and V = 0. Here denotes the time-average over a period. 7 Quantum Dynamics in Paul Traps 47 where W is a function of r and t such that ∂W = V, ∂t W =0.
