By John P. Rafferty
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Closer to the ground, the water vapour content also changes with height in a regular pattern. When water vapour is condensing on Earth’s surface at night, the content is greater aloft than at the ground; during the day the content is, in most cases, less aloft than at the ground because of evaporation. Evaporation and Humidity Evaporation, mostly from the sea and from vegetation, replenishes the humidity of the air. It is the change of liquid water into a gaseous state, but it may be analyzed as diffusion.
In the case of water surfaces, the transfer is by convection and may consequently be affected by the horizontal transport of heat within large bodies of water. Temperature The temperature of the air is one of the most important determinants of Earth’s climate. Although the global average air temperature does not change much from day to day or year to year, the mean temperature of any particular 9 7 Climate and Climate Change 7 location may differ substantially from other points on Earth’s surface.
For continuous condensation leading to the formation of cloud droplets, the air must be slightly supersaturated. , natural forest fires and man-made fires). Many of the larger condensation nuclei over land consist of ammonium sulfate. These are produced by cloud and fog droplets absorbing sulfur dioxide and ammonia from the air. 0004 inch) in diameter are produced in this manner. These droplets constitute a nonprecipitating cloud. Cloud Types The meteorologist classifies clouds mainly by their appearance, according to an international system similar to one proposed in 1803.
