By Rebecca MacKinnon
The web used to be going to free up us, yet honestly it has now not. for each tale concerning the web’s empowering position in occasions similar to the Arab Spring, there are lots of extra in regards to the quiet corrosion of civil liberties by way of businesses and governments utilizing a similar electronic applied sciences we have now come to rely upon.
Sudden adjustments in Facebook’s positive aspects and privateness settings have uncovered identities of protestors to police in Egypt and Iran. Apple gets rid of politically debatable apps on the behest of governments in addition to for its personal advertisement purposes. Dozens of Western businesses promote surveillance expertise to dictatorships all over the world. Google struggles with censorship calls for from governments in a variety of countries—many of them democracies—as good as mounting public predicament over the sizeable amounts of data it collects approximately its users.
In Consent of the Networked, journalist and web coverage professional Rebecca MacKinnon argues that it's time to struggle for our rights earlier than they're offered, legislated, programmed, and engineered away. on a daily basis, the company sovereigns of our on-line world make judgements that impact our actual freedom—but with no our consent. but the normal approach to unaccountable company behavior—government regulation—cannot cease the abuse of electronic energy by itself, and infrequently even contributes to it.
A clarion name to motion, Consent of the Networked exhibits that it's time to cease arguing over even if the net empowers humans, and handle the pressing query of the way expertise can be ruled to aid the rights and liberties of clients world wide.
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Sample text
I cervelli cambiano di continuo in risposta alle nostre esperienze e al comportamento, rimodellando la propria circuiteria con "ogni stimolo sensoriale, atto motorio, associazione mentale, ricompensa, progetto di azione o [slittamento di] coscienza". 27 La vera genialità nella costituzione del nostro cervello non è il fatto di contenere molti circuiti cablati ma il fatto di non averne. La selezione naturale- scrive il filosofo David Buller in Adapting Minds, la sua critica alla psicologia evolutiva- "non ha progettato un cervello che consiste di molti adattamenti predeterminati", bensì un cervello capace "di adattarsi alle richieste ambientali nel corso di tutta l'esistenza di un individuo, e a volte nel giro di pochi giorni, formando strutture specializzate per far fronte a queste richieste".
Quando alcuni circuiti nel nostro cervello si rafforzano attraverso la ripetizione di un'attività fisica o mentale, cominciano a trasformare quell'attività in un'abitudine. n Le sinapsi, attivate chimicamente, che legano i nostri neuroni, ci programmano, 51 INTERNET Cl RENDE STUPIDI? ··- ---~----~-- ------ in effetti, a voler mantenere in esercizio i circuiti che hanno formato. 34 È così che il cervello affina le sue operazioni. Le attività di routine sono svolte in modo sempre più rapido ed efficiente, mentre i circuiti inutilizzati vengono tagliati fuori.
La visione tradizionale è definitivamente accantonata. @1@1@1 Il cervello adulto, a quanto risulta, non è soltanto plastico, ma, per dirla con le parole diJames Olds, professore di Neuroscienze, direttore del Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study alla George Mason University, è "molto plastico". 16 O, per citare lo stesso Merzenich, è "estremamente plastico". 17 La plasticità diminuisce con l'invecchiamento- i cervelli, effettivamente, a modo loro si irrigidiscono-, ma non scompare mai. I nostri neuroni continuano a rompere vecchie connessioni e a formarne di nuove, e cellule nervose nuove di zecca vengono create costantemente.
