By M. Rodbell (auth.), Dr. Gaston R. Zahnd, Professor Claes B. Wollheim (eds.)
Recent advancements in learn on diabetes mellitus include uncomplicated disciplines corresponding to body structure, biochemistry, morphology, and evolving subspecialities. primary reviews at the heterogeneous diabetic syndrome are directed in the direction of regulatory ideas of mobile metabolism, genetic keep watch over mechanisms of insulin biosynthesis, and secretion in addition to autoimmune occasions implicated in selective destruction of the pancreatic ß-cell. while, efforts are being made to higher comprehend common and impaired bilogical motion of insulin and insulin-like development issue I and the translocation technique of glucose transporters in insulin-responsive aim cells.
The above themes are offered in ten interrelated essays written through well known specialists. The authors provide an built-in view at the improvement in their paintings and views of their fields.
The current quantity is devoted in reverence to the past due Albert Renold, a founder of the ecu organization for the research of Diabetes, for his visionay leadership.
Read or Download Contributions of Physiology to the Understanding of Diabetes: Ten Essays in Memory of Albert E. Renold PDF
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Additional info for Contributions of Physiology to the Understanding of Diabetes: Ten Essays in Memory of Albert E. Renold
Sample text
In this context, it is thus worth noting that the activation of muscle glycogen synthase by insulin is proposed to result from a stimulation of the MAPK cascade (Fig. 3). MAPK phosphorylates and activates MAPKAP-Kl, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3, one of the glycogen synthase Anabolie Response to (eil Swelling in the liver 19 Insulin 1 IRSI ~ PI3K Ras ~/ Raf 1 1 1 MAPKK ( l~~~~e) MAPK active GSK3 MAPKAPKI ~ inactive es active es Fig. 3. Proposed mechanism of activation of glycogen synthase by insulin in the muscle.
Guzman M, Velasco G, Castro I, Zammit VA (1994) Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I by hepatocyte swelling. FEBS Lett 344: 239-241 30. Meijer Al, Gustafson LA, Luiken J), Blommaart PI, Caro LH, van Woerkom GM, Spronk C, Boon L (1993) Cell swelling and the sensitivity of autophagic proteolysis to inhibition by amino acids in isolated rat hepatocytes. Eur J Biochem 215: 449-454 31. Häussinger D, Hallbrucker C, Saha N, Lang F, Gerok W (1992) Ceil volume and bile acid excretion. Biochem J 288: 681- 689 32.
Furthermore, metabolie coupling is restricted to sm all groups of ßcells within both intact islets of Langerhans and monolayer cultures [36,41-44]. Hence, the 10-6000 ß-cells that are found in a pancreatic islet appear to be functionally grouped in multiple communication territories [10,46] rather than in a single syncytial unit [23]. Severallines of evidence indicate a contribution of ß-ceIl coupling to the control of insulin secretion. Firstly, single ß-cells are either totally unresponsive to glucose and other stimuli, or show a perturbed secretion, as indicated by increased basal release of insulin, poor responsiveness to secretagogues, decreased protein biosynthesis, decreased basal expression of the insulin gene and 10ss of its normal, cyclic adenosine mono phosphate (cAMP) dependent control [11-18,47,48].
