By Organization for Economic Cooperation &
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Extra resources for Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises: A Survey Of OECD Countries
Sample text
At its peak, state ownership accounted for 20% of output in Africa, 12% in Asia, and 10% in Latin America. In some sectors such as banking, the share was over 50%. Now SOEs produce approximately 15% of GDP in Africa, 8% in Asia and 6% in Latin America. In many countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the state sector still accounts for 20%-40% of output. 1 Overall, SOEs play an important role in a number of major economies, including China, Russia, India, and, to a lesser extent, in Brazil and South Africa: ● In China, the central government is responsible for 17 000 SOEs, local governments over 150 000.
These are the ones under the responsibility of the Department of Trade and Industry, plus Royal Mint, Partnerships UK, NATS and Actis Capital LLP. In most cases reform has still to be completed. The centralised unit is usually in charge of establishing common standards or guidelines that will have to be followed by other Ministries regarding the enterprises under their responsibilities. It is also in charge of the global reporting. A significant number of SOEs remain under the responsibility of other Ministries but their responsibility should be transferred in the short or medium term to the “centralising” Ministry.
SCALE AND SCOPE OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES IN OECD COUNTRIES Except in a few cases, hundreds of thousands of workers are employed in SOEs peaking with France which counts over 1 million workers. As a percentage of total employment, there are three groups of countries: a first group where the number of employees in SOEs is relatively low, under 2% of total employment (Spain, Korea, Canada, UK, Denmark, Poland and Turkey); then a number of countries where the employment in the SOEs is around the 2-5% of total employment (Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Greece, Sweden and France), and finally the Czech Republic, Finland and Slovak Republic where on average more than 1 out of 10 people work in the SOEs.
