By Michael Levi, Petrus C. van Duyne
The phenomenon of psycho-active medications, and our reactions to them, is likely one of the such a lot interesting issues of the social background of mankind. beginning with an research of the 'policy of worry' within which legislation enforcement is 'haunted' through drug cash, medicinal drugs and funds deals a thorough reconsideration of this hugely contentious issue.In this exciting publication, Petrus C. van Duyne and Michael Levi divulge an ever-unfolding sequence of difficulties: the proliferation of mind-influencing elements the issues of foreign drug legislation the interplay among markets and fiscal actors, with the ensuing collecting of big quantities of crime-money. The social, cultural and monetary elements of this crime-money are explored, along the continuing probability it poses to the valid economic climate and the kingdom.
Read or Download Drugs and Money: Managing the Drug Trade and Crime Money in Europe (Organizational Crime) PDF
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Additional resources for Drugs and Money: Managing the Drug Trade and Crime Money in Europe (Organizational Crime)
Example text
Within this chaotic situation in the alliance between the insurgents and the US, the role of the opium economy should be interpreted. The CIA, through Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence, supported the local tribes in Afghanistan and ignored the quickly developing heroin traffic of which it was fully cognizant. The military transports, which brought the weapons north, returned with heroin to Karachi. As in Vietnam, not only local war groups, like the rough Mujahideen warriors such as those under Hekmatyar, but also persons directly connected to the Pakistan President Zia were implicated.
As we could already observe in the Asian conflict area, where foreign policy and the ‘War on Drugs’ collide, the CIA largely prevails over the DEA. As long as the aims of the CIA were complied with, corruption, deceit and abuse of the US anti-drug aid programmes by local potentates have rarely been an objection to continuation of such aid. The abuse was simply swept under the carpet. For example, in the late 1970s, the aerial spraying of cannabis plantations in Mexico appeared to be a scam: herbicides were unloaded in the desert or fields were simply sprayed with water.
In the last place, one should not underestimate the enormous foreign policy leverage in international matters which the US acquired after the Second World War. A military superpower, economically overawing and with an unrivalled international moral prestige, it could dominate law enforcement issues, in which fighting drugs was always one among the dominant issues. The leverage could be observed in the UN’s drug committees as well as in jurisdictions which were in an economically dependent position.
