By Jürgen Rettinger, Silvia Schwarz, Wolfgang Schwarz
This textbook provides a vast evaluate of themes bearing on mobile electrophysiology – protecting themes starting from bioelectric phenomena famous way back to historical Egypt to renowned issues at the hazards of electrosmog. with out sacrificing medical precision, this transparent and concise paintings provides at the one hand the several tools and purposes, nonetheless the biophysical basics of ion-channel and service proteins. a variety of and thoroughly chosen illustrations and diagrams complement the textual content, whereas questions on the finish of every bankruptcy enable readers to check their realizing. every one part additionally comprises references to suitable unique literature for extra analyzing. The publication deals a precious source for college students of biology, chemistry and physics with a distinct curiosity in biophysics.
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Additional resources for Electrophysiology : Basics, Modern Approaches and Applications
Example text
46 Chapter 3 • Basics: Methods 1 2 Vm 3 + – 4 Im 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 .. 1 Squid axon Application of the Voltage-Clamp Technique Different Versions of the Voltage-Clamp Technique The Classic Squid Giant Axon The first voltage-clamp set-up was designed for application to the squid giant axon (Cole 1949; Hodgkin et al. 30. The squid giant axon has a diameter of up to 1 mm, and can be isolated over a length of several centimetres. A piece of nerve fibre is closed at one end and two wire electrodes are inserted from the other side to clamp the membrane potential.
Therefore, the peak-to-peak value of noise is approximately six times the rms value. 28). Thermal Noise Thermal noise (also termed Johnson or Nyquist noise) is generated by the thermal motion of charged particles (electrons, ions) in a conductor. Thermal noise is equally distributed over all frequencies (white noise) and its spectral density S is given by S = 4kT R unit: V2 =Hz where k is the Boltzmann´s constant, T the temperature in K and RΩ the resistance. The rms value E for a given bandwidth B is then: p E = 4kT R B unit: V.
5 and 50 MΩ, voltage control can be achieved with only one electrode that measures potential and passes current simultaneously. 24 gives a schematic representation of the minimum electronic circuit. One can derive the circuit for the patch-clamp method from that of the two-electrode method simply by omitting the current electrode and connecting the output of the negativefeedback op-amp back to the "voltage-electrode" via a resistor (feedback resistor). 24). Performing Voltage Clamping The first voltage-clamp method was described by Cole in 1949.
