By Gene E. Likens
Inland aquatic habitats happen world-wide in any respect scales from marshes, swamps and transitority puddles, to ponds, lakes and inland seas; from streams and creeks to rolling rivers. important for organic variety, atmosphere functionality and as assets for human lifestyles, trade and rest, inland waters are an important element of existence in the world. The Encyclopedia of Inland Waters describes and explains all of the simple gains of the topic, from water chemistry and physics, to the biology of aquatic creatures and the complicated functionality and stability of aquatic ecosystems of various measurement and complexity.
Used and abused as a necessary source, it is necessary that we comprehend and deal with them up to we delight in and luxuriate in them. This remarkable reference brings jointly some of the best study to supply the fundamental and complicated details precious for scientists to appreciate those ecosystems - and for water source managers and specialists to control and shield them for destiny generations.
- Encyclopedic connection with Limnology - a key center topic in ecology taught as a consultant direction in universities Over 240 subject comparable articles disguise the field
- Gene Likens is a popular limnologist and conservationist, Emeritus Director of the Institute of Ecosystems
- Research, elected member of the yank Philosophical Society and recipient of the 2001 nationwide Medal of Science
- Subject part Editors and authors contain the superior study staff within the field
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Extra resources for Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, 3 volumes
Example text
A massive increase in urban population and activities will considerably increase the demand for water. , in Africa, Asia, and Latin America will be in the order of 2000 million people, which is more than the combined population in India and China at the turn to this century. Since Latin America is already highly urbanized, this massive demographic change will primarily take place in Africa and Asia. The economic significance of the urban sector is high. In India, for instance, its contribution to national GDP was more than 50% in 2001 and its contribution to government revenues was over 90%.
But population increase is most rapid in countries where water is quite limited and also where financial and technical skills are scarce. The difference between the Gaza Strip and Kuwait illustrates that extreme scarcity of water may not hinder development in a particular country. But few countries have the capacity, resources, and a strategic position for a development in the absence of water. With decreasing amounts of water on a per capita basis, an increasing dependence on imported food is a logical consequence.
Macrophytes strongly affect the physical structure of the littoral zone and exhibit predictable changes in community composition, biomass, and life forms with depth. Analogous variation with depth almost certainly occurs in attached algal communities, but only rudimentary assessments of spatial variation are available at present. Both macrophytes and periphyton can contribute substantially to whole-lake primary production, but macrophytes accumulate biomass and visually dominate the littoral zone of shallow lakes.
