By Dr. Lynda Lee Kaid, Christina Holtz-Bacha
The Encyclopedia of Political verbal exchange discusses the main theoretical methods to the sector, together with direct and constrained results theories, agenda-setting theories, sociological theories, framing and priming theories, and different prior and current conceptualizations. With approximately six hundred entries, this source will pay significant cognizance to special political messages similar to political speeches, televised political ads, political posters and print advertisements, televised political debates, and websites. The audiences for political communications also are critical, necessitating focus on citizen reactions to political messages, how most of the people and electorate in democratic platforms reply to political messages, and the results of every kind of media and message varieties.
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Extra info for Encyclopedia of Political Communication
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Although advocacy ads may sway public opinion, attempts to target messages in media markets of congressional members holding important minority and majority leadership roles on critical congressional committees suggest that the main goal of the ads was to influence policymakers. The increase in advocacy advertising expenditures from $50 million during the 1994 mid-term elections to more than $500 million during the 2000 elections demonstrates clearly the increasing reliance on advocacy advertising as a means to shape policy agendas and decisions.
Kaid, L. L. (1996). Advertising watchdogs: A content analysis of print and broadcast ad watches. The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 1, 76–93. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Affirmative action requires employers and college/ university admissions procedures to give special consideration to minorities and female applicants. The purpose of affirmative action, as it was originally conceived, is to reverse the detrimental effects that discrimination had on minorities prior to 1964. Through subsequent Supreme Court rulings, affirmative action policies cannot impose quotas or inflict reverse discrimination.
Semetko Emory University Laura Roselle Elon University Richard J. Semiatin American University Lars A. Rosumek Public Relations Officer Donald L. Shaw University of North Carolina Mark J. Rozell George Mason University Tamir Sheafer Hebrew University Halford Ryan Washington & Lee University Theodore F. Sheckels Randolph-Macon College Karen Sanders CEU San Pablo Kristina Horn Sheeler Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis xxxvi———Encyclopedia of Political Communication Feng Shen University of Florida Hans-Joerg Stiehler University of Leipzig Jae-Hwa Shin University of Southern Mississippi Ashli Quesinberry Stokes University of North Carolina at Charlotte Danny Shipka University of Florida Thomas Stratmann George Mason University C.
