By P. B. Kauss (auth.), M. Munawar, T. Edsall (eds.)
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This shows that, despite the larger water area inhabited by phytoplankton, submersed and emergent wetlands produce 96 percent of the annual dry weight biomass because of their high productivity per unit area. Furthermore, the shoots and rootstocks of emergent wetlands compose the majority of the macrophyte biomass. , 1987). , 1987). Nevertheless, there is some loss of detritus and, to a minor degree, living material to both offshore and downstream areas of the river during ice-out and as a result of wave action.
Consequently, they can reach the environment through spills or as a result of the incomplete and sometimes uncontrolled combustion of organic matter. Other potential sources of PAHs include: gasification and Iiquifaction of coal; incineration of wastes; burning of wood; and the production of coke, Table I. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analyzed for in sediments and mussel tissues. Compound Abbreviation Quantification ion (secondary ion) Naphthalene *Acenaphthylene *Acenaphthene *Fluorene *Phenanthrene *Anthracene *Fluoranthene *Pyrene *Chrysene *Benzo(a)anthracene *Benzo(b)f1uoranthene *Benzo(k)f1uoranthene BenzoU)f1uoranthene Benzo(e)pyrene *Perylene Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene *Benzo(a)pyrene *Indeno( 1,2,3-c,d)pyrene *Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene *Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Anthanthrene Benzo(b)chrysene Coronene Quinoline Carbazole Acridine Benz(a)acridine Benzothiophene Dibenzothiophene N Acy Ac F Ph An Ft P C B(a)An B(b)Ft B(k)Ft BUlFt B(e)p Per DMB(a)An B(a)p IP DB(ah)An B(ghi)per Ant B(b)C Co Q Car Acr B(a)Acr Bt DBt 128 152 154 166(166) 178 178 202 (101) 202 (101) 228 (114) 228 (114) 252 (126) 252 (126) 252 (126) 252(126) 252 (126) 256 (241) 252 (126) 276 (138) 278 (139) 276 (138) 276 (138) 278 (139) 300 (150) 129 (102) 167 (166) 179 (89) 229 (114) 134 (89) 184 (92) Mutagenicity Carcinogencity + + + + ± + ++ ++ ± + ++++ +++ + +++ + + + + + Notes: I) Compounds prefixed by '*' are on USEPA Priority Pollutants List (Keith & Telliard, 1979).
Rep. Fish. Oceans Can. , II pp. + table & figs. Munawar, M. & I. F. Munawar, 1978. Phytoplankton of Lake Superior 1973. J. Great Lakes Res. 4: 415-422. , R. L. Thomas, W. Norwood & A. Mudroch, 1985. Toxicity of Detroit River sediment-bound contaminants to ultrapJankton. J. , II: 264-274. OME (Ontario Ministry of the Environment), 1984. Water management. Goals, policies, objectives and implementation procedures of the Ministry of the Environment. November, 1978, revised May, 1984. , 70 pp. OME & OMNR (Ontario Ministry of the Environment & Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources), 1986.
