By 0
0 directions for accomplishing a complete examine of a Project's Environmental features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Cross-sectoral making plans 1 Spatial and local making plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thirteen 2 making plans ofLocations for alternate and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fifty one three total power making plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sixty seven four Water Framework making plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eighty five five delivery and site visitors making plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 6 Tourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 7 research, analysis, checking out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Infrastructure eight Provision and Rehabilitation ofHousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a hundred seventy five nine Public Fa. cilities - faculties, well-being Care, Hospitals - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 10 city Water provide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 eleven Rural Water offer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 12 Wastewater Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 thirteen reliable Waste Disposal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 14 Disposal of dangerous Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 15 Erosion keep an eye on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 sixteen highway development and upkeep, construction of Rural Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 17 highway site visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 18 Railways and Railway Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 19 Airports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 20 River and Canal Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 VI Contents 21 Rural Hydraulic Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 22 Large-scale Hydraulic Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 23 Inland Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 24 delivery on Inland Waterways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543 25 Ports and Harbours, Port building and Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 26 transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 Contents VII VIII Contents quantity three Compendium of Environmental criteria 1 creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 instructions for the consumer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 three criteria for affects at the surroundings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 four criteria for Environmental caliber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 five chemicals and teams of drugs/ sign in of gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 6 overseas atmosphere laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . three 7 6 7 Supplementary Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 Bibliography and assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 Abbreviations for nations and companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 devices and measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 Agriculture Plant construction 27. Plant creation Contents 1.
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Interaction with Other Sectors 5. Summary Assessment of Environmental Relevance 6. References Plant Protection 1. 25 Scope Plant protection measures are carried out to limit performance and yield losses in crop production during the growing season and afterwards (storage protection) as well as for quarantine purposes. They serve primarily to safeguard yields, although in combination with other cultivation measures they can also help to raise yields. A wide variety of individual measures - with varying ecological, economic and socio-economic impacts - are available for keeping harmful organisms (diseases, pests, weeds) below the economic threshold.
Well over half of these costs can be attributed to reductions in the number of beneficial organisms and development of resistance to pesticides. Plant Protection 33 Impacts of this type include elimination of pollinating insects and other beneficial organisms (natural limiting factors) as system regulation and control elements. Use of insecticides in (irrigated) swamp-rice systems endangers fish and entomofauna, which can be seen as an indication of the conflict between aquaculture and pesticide use.
1982: A growing problem- pesticides and the Third World Poor. Oxford: Oxfam. 36. , 1986: The myth of the most sensitive species. BioScience 36: 670-672. 37. , 1985: Erfolge der biologischen Beklimpfung in den Tropen. Giessener Beitr. Entwicklungsforsch. I, 12: 19-35. 38. , 1982: Factors to be considered in refming a general model of economic threshold. Entomophaga 27 (special issue): 99-103. 39 DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TECHNISCHE ZUSAMMENARBEIT (GTZ) GMBH, 1978: Riickstandsprobleme irn Pflanzenschutz in der Dritten Welt.
