By C. A. Edwards (auth.), C. A. Edwards (eds.)
The continual natural insecticides have stored hundreds of thousands of lives by means of controlling human illness vectors and by means of enormously expanding the yields of agricultural plants. even if, in recent times guy has turn into ever extra aware of the best way his surroundings is turning into more and more polluted via chemical compounds which can damage crops, animals or perhaps himself. among those chemical compounds the organochlorine pesticides were good to the fore as a huge reason for nervousness to ecologists, not just simply because they persist see you later, but additionally as a result of the readiness with which they're taken up into the our bodies of residing organisms, specially the fatty tissues of either animals and people. the level and seriousness of the capability dangers because of those chemical compounds nonetheless is still totally outlined. Our info at the take place rence of residues within the numerous elements of our environment is especially asymmetric and localized. for example, while we've loads of information on residues in North the US, we all know nearly not anything in regards to the volume of pesticide illness in Africa, South the US and masses of Asia, even though quite a lot of organochlorine pesticides were utilized in those areas.
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A review article of the automated analysis of pesticides and screening techniques has been published by Gunther and Ott (l966). As an example, the completely automated determination of biphenyl in citrus rind was given. The rind samples were automatically homogenised in water and then steam distilled to liberate oils, waxes and biphenyl. The steam volatiles were trapped in cyclohexane, and the oils and waxes extracted into concentrated sulphuric acid and discarded. The isolated biphenyl was then determined at a wavelength of 246 nm.
Unlike the normal flame photometric detector, it was not highly selective. A recent development has been the combination of the two different flame photometric detectors to give the dual-flame photometric detector (Versino and Rossi, 1971). In the lower flame, the compounds emerging from the column are burnt and monitored for sulphur and phosphorus. Between the upper and lower flames is a stainless-steel net holding indium pellets. The chlorine-containing compounds react with indium, and the resulting emission is monitored at a wavelength of 360 nm.
1 Ultraviolet and visible Ultraviolet methods require a rigorous clean-up of the extract to ensure that the final solution is free from any material that will absorb light in the region of the spectrum where the pesticide content is to be measured. The solvent used for the initial extraction of a crop material should be chosen with care to ensure extractability of the pesticide and with consideration of its ultimate effect on the analysis in the ultraviolet region. Since most pesticides are not coloured, a chromophoric structure must be created or introduced into the pesticide molecule before it can be determined spectrophotometrically in the visible region.
