By Stefaan Tavernier
The booklet is predicated on a direction in nuclear and particle physics that the writer has taught over decades to physics scholars, scholars in nuclear engineering and scholars in biomedical engineering. It offers the elemental knowing that any scholar or researcher utilizing such tools and methods must have in regards to the subject.
After an advent to the constitution of subject on the subatomic scale, it covers the experimental points of nuclear and particle physics. preferably complementing a theoretically-oriented textbook on nuclear physics and/or particle physics, it introduces the reader to the several options utilized in nuclear and particle physics to speed up debris and to dimension thoughts (detectors) in nuclear and particle physics.
The major matters taken care of are: interactions of subatomic debris in topic; particle accelerators; fundamentals of alternative forms of detectors; and nuclear electronics. The booklet could be of curiosity to undergraduates, graduates and researchers in either particle and nuclear physics. For the physicists it's a reliable advent to all experimental elements of nuclear and particle physics. Nuclear engineers will savour the nuclear dimension innovations, whereas biomedical engineers can know about measuring ionising radiation, using accelerators for radiotherapy. What’s extra, labored examples, end-of-chapter routines, and appendices with key constants, houses and relationships complement the textual material.
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Extra resources for Experimental Techniques in Nuclear and Particle Physics
Example text
Figure calculated using Eq. 4) If the density is expressed in g/cm3 , the energy loss is in units MeV/cm. In the literature, the term ‘energy loss’ sometimes refers to the loss divided by the density. In the latter case, the energy loss has the units MeV cm2 /g. For electrons with energy of more than 100 keV, the velocity is close to the velocity of light (β≈1), and the energy loss is about 2 MeV/cm multiplied by the density of the medium. For all particles, the energy loss decreases with increasing energy and eventually reaches a constant, energy-independent value.
Figure reproduced from Ref. [6] in Chap. 1, with permission the number of particles in the shower will grow exponentially. But at each step the average energy of the particles in the shower decreases, and fewer of the secondary gamma rays have sufficient energy to produce electron–positron pairs. The number of the particles in the shower will reach a maximum and start decreasing; eventually all electrons, positrons and gamma rays are absorbed or stopped. 5 Interactions of Particles in Matter due to the Strong Force A proton or a neutron has an apparent size of slightly more than 10−13 cm, and the cross section for the collision on another proton or a neutron is therefore expected to be ≈4×10−26 cm2 .
Right) A particle is travelling at a speed greater than the speed of light in the medium 34 2 Interactions of Particles in Matter travelling in the direction fixed by the speed of the particle and the speed of light in the medium. From the geometry of the problem, we can easily derive the value of the angle between the particle and the wave. To find this angle, consider the right-angled triangle shown in the left-hand side of Fig. 10. Two sides of this triangle are of length ct/n and vt, respectively.
