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11 shows the SEM micrographs of the ceramic powders synthesized in different fluxes at 1100°C. The particles for the powder synthesized in NaCl-KCl flux are larger than those synthesized in NaCl flux. NaCl-KCl flux at eutectic has a low melting point (650°C), so ions have a high diffusion rate at the synthesing temperature 1100°C. In order to determine the composition of the prepared samples, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data (Fig. 12) performed on a samples synthesized in the presence NaCl-KCl and NaCl flux show that the chemical components of the samples are the elements Na, Bi, Ti and O (without K from KCl for the sample obtained in the presence NaCl-KCl).
A 2-resonator ceramic block with a BST tunable device fabricated by standard IC technique is used to tune the filter's center frequency. Table 4 shows typical specifications of a US personal communication service (PCS) antenna duplexer. In order to meet these stringent specifications, the fixed-tuned ceramic filters on today's cellular market typically have 6 poles on the receive and 5 on the transmit side. They can be significantly simplified using the tunable filters, which results in smaller physical size and lower insertion loss.
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