By Lauralee Sherwood
Geared up round the imperative subject of homeostasis, basics OF HUMAN body structure is a gently condensed model of Lauralee Sherwood's HUMAN body structure: FROM CELLS TO structures. It presents transparent, present, concise, clinically orientated insurance of body structure. Many analogies and widespread references to daily reviews aid scholars relate to the body structure options offered. delivering useful paintings and pedagogical beneficial properties, Sherwood promotes knowing of the elemental ideas and ideas of body structure instead of memorization of info and offers a beginning for destiny careers within the healthiness professions.
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Extra resources for Fundamentals of Human Physiology (4th Edition)
Example text
Tissue-specific stem cells have even been found in adult brain and muscle tissue. Even though mature nerve and muscle cells cannot reproduce themselves, to a limited extent, adult brains and muscles can grow new cells throughout life by means of these persisting stem cells. However, this process is too slow to keep pace with major losses, as in a stroke or heart attack. Some investigators are searching for drugs that might spur a person’s own tissue-specific stem cells into increased action to make up for damage or loss of that tissue—a feat that is not currently feasible.
Cells of similar structure and specialized function combine to form tissues, of which there are four primary types: muscle, nervous, epithelial, and connective (● Figure 1-2). Each tissue consists of cells of a single specialized type, along with varying amounts of extracellular material (extra means “outside of ”). Muscle tissue consists of cells specialized for contracting, which generates tension and produces movement. There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, which moves the skeleton; cardiac muscle, which pumps blood out of the heart; and smooth muscle, which controls movement of contents through hollow tubes and organs, such as movement of food through the digestive tract.
Ronment, stem cells from the brain have given rise to blood cells, bone-marrow stem cells to liver and nerve cells, and fattissue stem cells to bone, cartilage, and muscle cells. Thus, researchers may be able to tap into the more limited but still versatile developmental potential of adult tissue–specific stem cells. Although ESCs hold greater potential for developing treatments for a broader range of diseases, adult stem cells are more accessible than ESCs, and their use is not controversial. For example, researchers dream of being able to take fat stem cells from a person and transform them into a needed replacement knee joint.
