By David Glover & Timothy Jessup
Conservatively envisioned at $4.5 billion money, the wear and tear from the fires and haze in Indonesia was once greater than the mixed damages assessed for the Exxon Valdez oil spill and India’s Bhopal chemical catastrophe. This booklet seems to be on the reasons of the fires, the actual damages that resulted, and their results on future health, business creation, tourism, etc.It explains the equipment used to assign a financial price to the damages and recommends measures that has to be taken to avoid a recurrence of such an epic environmental catastrophe.
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Extra info for Indonesia's fires and haze: The cost of catastrophe
Sample text
Air Pollution Index (API) readings reached 500 for the first time and a state of emergency was declared for a tenday period in Sarawak. The API monitors air quality by measuring fine particles (below 10 microns) and several gases — carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone — which are hazardous to Chapter 3: Malaysia 23 health. 1). Continuous hazy conditions affect the health of all, especially highrisk groups such as children, senior citizens and people who smoke, people who work outdoors or sufferers of asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic lung diseases, cardio-vascular problems, or allergies.
This will not be used in valuation of treatment costs, but in estimating lost workdays (see below). These steps were modified for individual countries, depending on data constraints. For Singapore, they were followed largely as outlined. In Malaysia, data on hospital and clinic admissions were matched with pollution levels to produce a dose-response function. This was extrapolated to areas of Malaysia where data on admissions were unreliable. The dose-response function was also transferred to Indonesia, where a map of cumulative haze intensity was overlaid on a population map to estimate the number of people exposed to haze pollution of various levels.
Cancer) in the future or increased risk of species extinction. In cases where it was not feasible to conduct new surveys, the benefit transfer (BT) approach was used. This involves the transfer of values from existing studies to the new study site, with appropriate adjustments for the size of the affected area, income levels, and other factors. Various BT values and other adjustment factors are mentioned below. These are derived from various sources, including the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB 1996).
