By Jessica Piombo (auth.)
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Extra info for Institutions, Ethnicity, and Political Mobilization in South Africa
Sample text
15 The debate on party systems and ethnic mobilization, therefore, must analyze the joint incentives created by both types of political institutions. These two factors interact in a dynamic way to shape party system development. Taken together, electoral rules and the structure of government create interacting incentive structures that party elites respond to when deciding where to focus scarce resources in the struggle to gain political representation. This joint incentive structure in turn interacts with the dimensions of social cleavages to shape mobilization strategies as parties attempt to craft support coalitions capable of providing the votes necessary to win legislative representation at the designated level.
This and the second chapter lay out the theory underlying the framework, while the third chapter analyses South Africa’s political institutions and social divisions. In the same chapter, I show that despite the formal trappings of federalism, South Africa in fact operates as a unitary state with extremely centralized power. I also show that the latency of ethnic mobilization is not due to a lack of ethnic identities: a variety of opinion poll data demonstrate that ethnic, cultural, and linguistic identities are highly salient and important.
First-past-the-post (FPTP), plurality electoral systems with large districts should induce parties to campaign on issues that will be of concern to a broad audience, since the party needs to win either a plurality or majority of the citizens in a diverse geographic constituency. If the society has no deep divisions that segment the country into one majority and one minority, parties in these systems most often seek out the median voter, which moderates their appeals and creates broad, inclusive coalitions.
