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Extra resources for ITF Round Tables The Cost and Effectiveness of Policies to Reduce Vehicle Emissions
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Palmer, Karen, William Oates and Paul Portney (1995), Tightening Environmental Standards: The Benefit-Cost or the No-Cost Paradigm? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9, 4, 119-132. Proost, Stef (2008), Full Account of the Costs and Benefits of Reducing CO2 Emissions in Transport, JTRC Discussion Paper 2008-3. Proost, Stef, Kurt Van Dender, Bruno De Borger et al. (2002), How large is the gap between present and efficient transport prices in Europe? Transport Policy, 9, 1, 41-57. Raux, Charles (2008), How should transport emissions be reduced?
006 CR should be considered an educated guess. Engines have improved dramatically over the past two decades, and they will continue to improve. Recent presentations by a number of automakers and suppliers at the 2007 Society of Automotive Engineers’ World Congress presented a fairly unified picture of the potential future evolution of the gasoline engine. Currently, the most efficient gasoline engines have direct injection fuel systems with continuously variable valve lift and timing on inlet and exhaust valves and variable intakes.
Over the next 10-15 years, large and small changes in the technology embedded in cars and light trucks could THE COST AND EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICIES TO REDUCE VEHICLE EMISSIONS – ISBN 978-92-821-0212-1 - © OECD/ITF, 2008 EXAMINING FUEL ECONOMY AND CARBON STANDARDS FOR LIGHT VEHICLES - 49 have a dramatic impact on fuel economy. There could be a greater than 50% improvement in fuel economy for a “leading edge” vehicle with conventional drivetrain, and perhaps as much as a doubling in fuel economy for such a vehicle with a hybrid drivetrain…assuming that the technology is used primarily for fuel economy rather than for performance and other attributes.
