By Professor Francis Dov Por (auth.)
There are few achievements of contemporary guy that can evaluate to the Suez Canal. In Egypt-the land of the main well-known wonders of antiquity-the Suez Canal used to be equipped because the first technical ask yourself ofthe commercial revolution. Ferdinand de Lesseps used to be a guy straddling epochs-the romantic utopism of Saint Simon and the trendy global of technocracy. the big undertaking was once at its commence shouldered through the crowds of tens of hundreds of thousands of compelled workers nonetheless to be had and ended as a show-piece for contemporary mechanical earth-moving options. The canal developers themselves have been nonetheless polyhistors within the outdated experience: engineers cum-zoologists; naval officers-cum-geologists; diplomats meddling with chem istry. in the course of the 4 generations of the life of the Suez Canal, the fateful expert narrowmindedness turned steadily worse. The engineers con tinued their paintings in and round the Canal, yet they turned oblivious and unresponsive to the environmental effect, to the interesting adjustments within the biotic surroundings which they have been generating with their very own hands.
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Additional info for Lessepsian Migration: The Influx of Red Sea Biota into the Mediterranean by Way of the Suez Canal
Sample text
The annual range of fluctuation is 10-20%0 with a peak in September-October and a low in March-April (Por, 1971a) (Fig. 12a, b). Absolute values fluctuate geographically and seasonally between 40-73%0 (Roth, 1973). When the western opening was closed in the summer of 1970 the salinity in most 36 The Historical Background ofthe lagoon was 80-95%0. In some remote areas it exceeded even 100%0. With the reopening ofBoghaz 1 in August 1971 the salinity became "normal" again. Summer temperatures may exceed 30° C but, owing to the shallowness, O 2 content never decreases below 80% saturation (Roth, 1973).
Therefore, on a short time-scale, one could follow to some extent the presumably normal and cyclic changes in the Sirbonis. Salinity data are based on Oren (unpublished) Ben-Yami (unpublished), and Roth (1972,1973). The main sea water influx occurs through Boghaz 1 in the west and the other openings are chiefly outlets. Lowest salinities are near the openings and they increase southward to Mitzfaq or towards_ the dead waters in the gulf or the isolated pools. The annual range of fluctuation is 10-20%0 with a peak in September-October and a low in March-April (Por, 1971a) (Fig.
These three fossil faunas are distributed as folIows: the Mediterranean species extend over the Isthmus southward to EI Firdan (about 64 km south of Port Said) among deposits of sand, sandy clay and gypsum. The Red Sea fauna extends northward from Suez to Kabrit, a distance of about 40 km. The central 60 km exhibit freshwater fauna or an interbedding of freshwater and Red Sea species. The sill of EI Guisr-at an elevation of 23 m-has freshwater deposits and a similar substrate is also found in most of the Lake Timsah area.
