By Professor Shinji Takahashi M.D., Professor Sadayuki Sakuma M.D. (auth.)
If the early levels of a illness commence with the involvement of a small region of cells or tissue, the early prognosis of pathologic alterations via radio graphy may still focus first at the detection of such minute adjustments. the correct resolution will be to provide X-ray pictures of findings a lot finer than these observable through the bare eye, and herein lies a brand new box of study that's believed to be worthy constructing. The creation of a 0.3 mm focal-spot rotating-anode tube approximately 25 years in the past opened how to the scientific software of magnification radiography. a result of postwar fiscal scenario, we have been not able to import this sort of X-ray tube, yet we believed within the value of magnification radiography in X-ray prognosis, and in 1952 we produced an X-ray tube with a 0.15 mm focal spot by means of reconstructing an current fixed-anode tube. This X-ray tube has been enhanced step-by-step, in order that tubes with focal spots of 0.1 mm or 0.05 mm are actually to be had in Japan. hence it has develop into attainable to acquire four to six x magnification photographs of minute lesions that may no longer be imaged through general roentgenography.
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Extra resources for Magnification Radiography
Example text
The patient is first positioned with the aid of the X-ray television. 3 mm focal-spot tube, fluoroscopy is carried out with the television monitor and the part to be radiographed is adjusted to the center of the radiation field by shifting the table to 48 Fig. 31. Magnification angiography unit (Hitachi) in action. 6 mm focal spot tube. 1 mm focal spot and fro. 1 mm focalspot tube. Fig. 32. X-ray television fluoroscopic unit (Toshiba) for magnification radiography of GI tract, bronchus, etc. At X-ray tube for fluoroscopy.
41 110 114 126 " Focal spot-table distance. b Table-object distance. C Focal spot-film distance. Figures in parentheses show the reasonable skin dose obtainable by reducing the magnification ratio. avoided. There are, however, some reasons that justify the use of magnification radiography because of the medical benefit expected from its diagnostic procedures. The Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 15 (1969); Protection against Ionizing Radiation from External Sources, state in § 156: "Provided that a certain diagnostic procedure as such is generally considered justified because the medical benefit to the patients is believed to outweigh the risk from the exposure, the remaining judgement in the individual case would relate to the choice of X-ray examination as being appropriate for that individual, the conduct of the examination, and the interpretation of the result.
26). 3. Depth and Volume Dose X-rays reach not only the skin but also the deep tissues in the body, so that it is necessary to account for not only the surface-dose area integral but also the volume dose, as the X-ray hazard will apply to all exposed cells. g. 80 em Fig. 27. Isodose curves. Left: 8 x magnification radiography with focal spot-skin distance 13 cm, FFD 100 cm, and radiation field 5 x 5 cm. Center: 4 x magnification radiography with focal spot-skin distance 25 cm, FFD 100 cm, and radiation field 10 x 10 cm.
