By Alan S Morris
'Measurement and Instrumentation rules' is the newest version of a winning publication that introduces undergraduate scholars to the dimension ideas and the diversity of sensors and tools which are used for measuring actual variables. thoroughly up-to-date to incorporate new applied sciences similar to clever sensors, screens and interfaces, the third version additionally comprises lots of labored examples and self-assessment questions (and solutions). additionally, a brand new bankruptcy on issues of safety specializes in the criminal framework, electric security and failsafe designs, and the writer has additionally focused on RF and optical instant communications. totally updated and comprehensively written, this textbook is vital for all engineering undergraduates, in particular these within the first years in their path. thoroughly updatedIncludes new applied sciences akin to shrewdpermanent sensors and monitors
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Measurement and Instrumentation Principles, Third Edition
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Extra resources for Measurement and Instrumentation Principles, Third Edition
Example text
Zero drift is also commonly found in instruments like voltmeters that are affected by ambient temperature changes. Typical units by which such zero drift is measured are volts/° C. This is often called the zero drift coefficient related to temperature changes. If the characteristic of an instrument is sensitive to several environmental parameters, then it will have several zero drift coefficients, one for each environmental parameter. 7(a). Sensitivity drift (also known as scale factor drift) defines the amount by which an instrument’s sensitivity of measurement varies as ambient conditions change.
75. For large values of t, the transducer reading lags the true temperature value by a period of time equal to the time constant of 28 Instrument types and performance characteristics 15 seconds. 75° . 75° less than it should be. 3 Second order instrument If all coefficients a3 . . 9 This is the standard equation for a second order system and any instrument whose response can be described by it is known as a second order instrument. 9) is solved analytically, the shape of the step response obtained depends on the value of the damping ratio parameter .
3 Tolerance Tolerance is a term that is closely related to accuracy and defines the maximum error that is to be expected in some value. Whilst it is not, strictly speaking, a static 18 Instrument types and performance characteristics (a) Low precision, low accuracy ROBOT 1 (b) High precision, low accuracy ROBOT 2 (c) High precision, high accuracy ROBOT 3 Fig. 5 Comparison of accuracy and precision. characteristic of measuring instruments, it is mentioned here because the accuracy of some instruments is sometimes quoted as a tolerance figure.
