By John B. Wachtman, W. Roger Cannon, M. John Matthewson
A finished and Self-Contained therapy of the speculation and useful purposes of Ceramic fabrics
When failure happens in ceramic fabrics, it is usually catastrophic, prompt, and overall. Now in its Second Edition, this crucial ebook fingers readers with a radical and exact knowing of the motives of those disasters and the way to layout ceramics for failure avoidance. It systematically covers:
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Stress and strain
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Types of mechanical behavior
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Strength of defect-free solids
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Linear elastic fracture mechanics
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Measurements of elasticity, power, and fracture toughness
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Subcritical crack propagation
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Toughening mechanisms in ceramics
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Effects of microstructure on durability and strength
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Cyclic fatigue of ceramics
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Thermal rigidity and thermal surprise in ceramics
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Fractography
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Dislocation and plastic deformation in ceramics
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Creep and superplasticity of ceramics
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Creep rupture at excessive temperatures and secure lifestyles design
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Hardness and wear
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And more
While preserving the 1st edition's recognition for being an necessary specialist source, this new version has been up to date with sketches, reasons, figures, tables, summaries, and challenge units to make it extra student-friendly as a textbook in undergraduate and graduate classes at the mechanical homes of ceramics.
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Extra resources for Mechanical Properties of Ceramics
Sample text
A series expansion of the logarithm in Eq. 53) shows that for small strain the engineering and true strains have nearly the same value but at large strains they differ significantly. 69, respectively. 2 True Stress The need for true stress is clear. If a body is subjected to large strains, the cross section can be considerably reduced and the engineering stress badly underestimates the local stress. This is particularly true for some ductile materials which can strain nonuniformly under a tensile load forming local ‘‘necks’’ where the cross section is considerably smaller than the original or the average cross section.
There is always some elastic deformation in addition to the permanent deformation, but for simplicity we omit the elastic component from the following descriptions. An important case of permanent deformation is viscous deformation of a liquid. Glass and finegrained polycrystalline ceramics at high temperatures behave like highly viscous liquids so that consideration of liquidlike behavior is appropriate. 5 shows that for a liquid the response to an applied shear stress is a shear strain rate that depends on the stress value.
In many practical situations one of the principal planes is known and the two-dimensional treatment is appropriate. For example, a traction-free surface is principal. Most mechanical testing techniques (Chapter 6) apply a simple stress tensor to samples and at least one principal plane is readily identifiable. 5 STRESS INVARIANTS When stresses are transformed from one coordinate system to a rotated system, there are three properties of the stress tensor that remain constant. These three stress invariants are J1 ¼ sxx þ syy þ szz ¼ s1 þ s2 þ s3 J2 ¼ À sxx syy À syy szz À szz sxx þ s2xy þ s2yz þ s2zx ¼ À s1 s2 À s2 s3 À s3 s1 (1:33) J3 ¼ sxx syy szz þ 2sxy syz szx À sxx s2yz À syy s2zx À szz s2xy ¼ s1 s2 s3 The existence of these quantities that are invariant under rotations means that the stress tensor is indeed a tensor and not simply a matrix.
