By Walter F. Boron, Emile L. Boulpaep
"Highly Commended," simple and scientific Sciences classification, British scientific organization 2012 clinical publication Competition
- fast evaluation very important content material utilizing fashionable packing containers integrated through the textual content to supply medical examples of disordered physiology.
- grasp tricky ideas with using 800 colour drawings that characteristic balloon captions explaining key processes.
- locate details simply with the intuitive association through physique approach and constant style.
- Get up to date assurance of body structure with up to date textual content and figures.
- remain present due to up-to-date fabric, together with a brand new bankruptcy on body structure of getting older and a brand new part on hemostasis.
- achieve a transparent visible knowing with a revised and up to date paintings application of top of the range, complete colour line drawings and prominently featured scientific examples.
Easily relate molecular and mobile biology to the examine of human body structure and sickness.
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Extra resources for Medical Physiology (2nd Edition)
Example text
B, The pivoting action of the myosin head, fueled by ATP, moves the thick filament past the thin filament. C, In skeletal and cardiac muscle, the sarcomere is the fundamental contractile unit. permit the cell to extend processes to distant locations. This is the case in neurons, in which the growth and migration of axons during development or regeneration of the nervous system bear a striking morphological resemblance to the crawling of free-living amoebae. The tip of a growing axon, known as a growth cone, is richly endowed with contractile fibers and is capable of the same types of crawling motions that characterize motile cells.
The surfaces of the rough ER tubules are studded with ribosomes, the major sites of protein synthesis. Ribosomes can also exist free in the cytosol. The surfaces of the smooth ER, which participates in lipid synthesis, are not similarly endowed. The ER also serves as a major reservoir for calcium ions. The ER membrane is endowed with a Ca2+ pump that uses the energy released through ATP hydrolysis to drive the transport of Ca2+ from the cytoplasm into the ER lumen (see Chapter 5). This Ca2+ can be rapidly released in response to messenger molecules and plays a major role in intracellular signaling (see Chapter 3).
It is not clear whether—under physiological conditions—the mitochondrion releases Ca2+ from this reservoir. The mitochondrial Ca2+ stores are released as a consequence of energy starvation, which leads to cell injury and death. Finally, the 23 24 Section II • Physiology of Cells and Molecules mitochondrion plays a central role in the process called apoptosis, or programmed cell death (see Chapter 62). Certain external or internal signals can induce the cell to initiate a signaling cascade that leads ultimately to the activation of enzymes that bring about the cell’s demise.
