By Michael E. McDonald (auth.), Shabeg S. Sandhu, Brian D. Melzian, Edward R. Long, Walter G. Whitford, Barbara T. Walton (eds.)
The tracking of element resources via the Environmental safeguard organization (EPA), the states, and the tribes has documented and helped decrease the degrees of chemical stressors affecting our ecosystems. With the controls on element assets lowering chemical illness, new environmental demanding situations linked to nonpoint assets have emerged. To properly care for those new difficulties, EPA's workplace of analysis and improvement famous the necessity to improve an total below status of the situation of our ecological assets, the tendencies of their , and the stressors affecting those structures on a wide scale. towards this finish, the En vironmental tracking and overview application (EMAP) used to be verified by way of EPA and has been strategically constructing the clinical instruments and methods to observe and determine the prestige and traits of aquatic ecosystems. EMAP scientists have constructed new signs and probability-based de indicators to fill info gaps within the improvement of regional-scale checks of our aquatic assets, as required within the fresh Water Act. we now have a scientifically de fensible procedure that permits: 100% insurance of the aquatic assets inside large geographic parts and the formula of reference 'conditions for es tablishing the health and wellbeing of those assets. using those symptoms and designs have been effectively proven within the landscapes, streams, and estuaries of the mid-Atlantic states as a part of the Mid-Atlantic built-in evaluation (MAlA).
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Additional resources for Monitoring Ecological Condition in the Western United States: Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), San Franciso, CA, April 6–8, 1999
Example text
The forest cover map ofthe Tensas River Basin (Figure 3) is derived from the North America Landscape Characterization (NALC) satellite imagery data. NALC satellite data, available since the early 1970s, is a Federal effort to create similar data sets for the entire country. The resolution of the NALC data is 60 meters; thus, each pixel (picture element) represents an area about the size of a football field. Although individual pixels are far too small to be rendered accurately here, the visual impression of broad-scale regional patterns is readily apparent.
Based on issues t N - 100 km Oregon Figure 1. The Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management assessment area. 34 GRAHAMET AL. facing land managers throughout the Basin a variety of policy questions were formulated to guide the assessment process such as: • What are the effects of current and potential FS and BLM land allocations on ecologic, economic and social systems in the Basin? • What is required to maintain long-term biological and economic productivity? • What is required to maintain sustainable and/or harvestable and/or minimum viable population levels?
1 FOREST AND RANGE LANDS Old forest structures declined in forests types where extensive harvesting occurred. Fire regimes changed making severe wildfires common in forests and range lands (Quigley et al. 1996). Native herblands, shrublands, and old single-layered forests have declined significantly since Europeans arrived in the Basin. In addition, the numbers of exotic plants and roads have increased as has soil disturbance. Because of fire exclusion, selective harvesting, and grazing, forests expanded into areas that were historically woodlands and shrublands.
