By Inge Brouns, Isabel Pintelon, Jean-Pierre Timmermans, Dirk Adriaensen
With the advances of immunohistochemistry together with confocal microscopy, airway sensory receptor end-organs can now be tested and evaluated objectively. in response to their ‘neurochemical coding’, morphology, position and foundation, 3 sensory receptor finish organs are at the moment morphologically well-characterised: tender muscle-associated airway receptors (SMARs), neuroepithelial our bodies (NEBs) and visceral pleura receptors (VPRs). the current details at the useful morphological and neurochemical features of those sensory receptors, results in very important conclusions approximately their (possible) functionality.
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Extra info for Novel Insights in the Neurochemistry and Function of Pulmonary Sensory Receptors
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1a, d–f) or lung cryostat sections (Fig. 5 IR often appeared to be rather weak in SMARs. 5 revealed also a high number of morphologically less wellcharacterised nerve fibres and terminals with variable staining intensities in the vicinity of airway smooth muscle and epithelium (Fig. 1), and in the wall of blood vessels. Also immunostaining with other pan-neuronal markers, such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), SV2 or SYN, on cryostat sections of rodent lungs (own unpublished observations, Fig. 2f, g) revealed SMAR-like endings that are present in the subepithelial region of bronchioles.
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) play a crucial role in cell signalling as mediators of membrane depolarisation-induced calcium entry. The calcium channels partially control intracellular calcium concentrations and regulate processes, such as secretion, neurotransmission, muscle contraction and gene expression (Hille 1986). The channels consist of an a1 subunit, which forms the core of the channel, and auxillary subunits, which modulate the functional properties of the a1 subunit. 2 (N-type) (Fig.
The laminar nerve endings of SMARs are seen to run parallel to Smooth Muscle-Associated Airway Receptors 27 the long axis of smooth muscle bundles, while intercalating between the smooth muscle cells. Similar receptor-like nerve endings have not been observed in the smooth muscle layer that surrounds arterial blood vessels in intrapulmonary airways (Brouns et al. 2006a, b). The vagal origin of SMARs has been proven by unilateral cervical vagal denervation. SMARs then can no longer be detected in airways ipsilateral to the denervated side, while the side contralateral to the denervation still harbours SMAR terminals.
