By Kjell J. Gåsvik
New fabric on automatic optical tactics, automatic ray tracing, and the short Fourier rework, Bibre-Bragg sensors, and temporal section unwrapping. * New introductory sections to all chapters. * precise dialogue on lasers and laser ideas, together with an creation to radiometry and photometry. * Thorough assurance of the CCD digital camera. * End-of-chapter difficulties.
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53b) A telescope is an afocal system with f1 > |f2 | giving |mx | < 1. The reason for this seeming paradox is that when d → ∞ it is the angular magnification mα = −f1 /f2 that determines how large the image looks. The virtual image is demagnified by a factor mx = −f2 /f1 , but this is contrasted by being focused at a distance d ≈ dm2α and is moved closer by a factor m2x = (f2 /f1 )2 . The angular magnification then becomes mx /m2x = 1/mx = −(f1 /f2 ) > 1. Since negative lenses have virtual focal points and the focal points in an afocal system must coincide, the lens with the longest focal length must always be positive.
4 Find the power and the locations of the principal planes for a combination of two thin lenses each with the same focal length f > 0 separated by a distance d: (a) where d = f , (b) where d = 3f/4. 5 Show that the combination of two lenses having equal and opposite powers a finite, positive, distance d apart has a net positive power P , and find P as a function of d. 2, is used in air. The first and second radii of curvature are R1 > 0 and R2 < 0, the index is n > 1, and the thickness |V1 V2 | is d.
Is termed the complex degree of coherence and is a measure of the ability of the two wave fields to interfere. 12c) represents partial coherence. e. at which path length difference |γ (τ )| = 0. 13) τ = τc = c ν where ν is the difference between the two frequencies. It can be shown that this relation applies to any light source with a frequency distribution of width ν. Lc is termed the coherence length and τc the coherence time. 13) is in accordance with our previous discussion where we argued that sources of finite spectral width will emit wave trains of finite length.
