By Joyce Maschinski, Kristin E. Haskins (auth.), Joyce Maschinski, Kristin E. Haskins, Peter H. Raven (eds.)
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Extra resources for Plant Reintroduction in a Changing Climate: Promises and Perils
Sample text
Outcome: recruitment Outcome: abundance Intervention descriptors 38 review of plant reintroductions America (thirty-eight of which were in response to a single reservoir creation project in Brazil) and twelve taxa in Asia, and reintroductions of two taxa have been documented in Africa. 1). Threats were identified in the literature (including online sources such as the IUCN Red List) for 525 taxa, of which 62% were associated with more than one threat. It is noteworthy that climate change is infrequently mentioned as a threat to the survival of taxa identified for reintroduction programs even though it may exacerbate other threats.
Global (119), continental (118), regional (143), national (26), local (229), site (42). Data Categories and Frequency of Attempts in Each Category (n) Summary of reviewed material generated by literature search, including total number of examples and breakdown by category. 1 Descriptor Categories 1,021 235 attempts* 706 taxa Cause of decline (many taxa have >1 reason behind declines). Cause of decline present at reintroduction site? 1. 1 Urban and industrial development (130); agriculture when not specifically grazing (186); competition from other plants, including invasives, alien or native (136); grazing, including stock, goats, rabbits, and native herbivores (161); fire (26); climate change (10); overexploitation or collection (56); habitat loss when not specifically any other reason (97); flooding for reservoir construction or other water course engineering including draining (91); succession including disturbance suppression (63); disease (16); pollution (10); trampling or erosion (31).
The differences have declined over time, and neither is clearly superior to the other after a decade of growth. In a reintroduction involving Acacia cochlocarpa ssp. cochlocarpa (Mimosaceae), Monks (CPCIRR) found that 1-year-old seedlings survived and grew better than 2-year-old seedlings. In two other instances, there has been insufficient time for results to become manifest. In another study, involving Lambertia orbifolia ssp. orbifolia (Proteaceae), Monks (CPCIRR) found 24 review of plant reintroductions that when plants grown from seed were compared with plants grown from cuttings, no significant differences were found in either survival or growth rates.
