By Alyce Bezman Tarcher (auth.), Alyce Bezman Tarcher M.D. (eds.)
Throughout the realm, scientists and the final with environmental affliction. half II offers an over public are taken with the antagonistic results of view of chemical and actual brokers as a rule poisonous brokers present in infected air, water, nutrition, present in infected air, water, nutrients, and soil. and soil. some time past, realization has concerned about haz the matter of dangerous wastes can be mentioned. ards originating within the office. for that reason, half III characterizes the body's safety opposed to occupational medication has develop into a familiar such publicity. Defenses on the portals of access are and proven medical self-discipline. less atten mentioned, with emphasis put on the function of tion has been paid to nonoccupational dangers. There meals. Detoxication and immunologic safeguard is a turning out to be knowledge, even though, of the risks of mechanisms are defined. half IV exhibits the publicity to poisonous chemical and actual brokers in value of and gives guideline at the the houses, group, and common atmosphere, approach to together with occupational and environmen particularly for the fetus, the baby, the very younger, tal components within the regimen scientific background. The position of the aged, and the chronically sick, these so much sus more desirable susceptibility as an element in an individual's ceptible. Environmental medication, targeting the reaction to poisonous publicity is discussed.
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Indoor values 20% to 80% of the outdoor concentrations have been reported (6,21,87). Particles of respirable size will penetrate into indoor spaces with 2 AIR POLWTION 31 TABLE 2-2. Influence of Changing Building Characteristics on Indoor Air Quality'l Since the mid-1960s, construction practices have changed: Prefabricated exterior section mounted on steel frame Inoperable windows HVACb systems with combined intake and exhaust systems located on roofs TIght construction of homes Greater use of organic-emitting building materials and furnishings Energy conservation to save energy costs, resulting in reduced air inftltration and mechanical ventilation Less maintenance as buildings become more complex Changes in formulation of cleaning agents 'From American Thoracic Society (3).
Synthetic organic materials are associated with emissions from walls, ceilings, carpets, draperies, plastics, paints, pesticides, cleaning materials, and increased the indoor concentration of volatile organic compounds and such combustion products as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide (27,41,65,83). The worldwide energy crisis in 1973-1974 also contributed to the problem of indoor air pollution through efforts made to conserve fuel in commercial and residential buildings. Since approximately a third of the energy consumed in the United States and many other industrialized nations is used in heating and cooling indoor air, home owners and builders added insulation and reduced building ventilation to conserve fuel.
The US. Environmental Protection Agency and its predecessor, the National Air Pollution Control Administration, have kept track of man-made pollutant emissions for over two decades. Concern about air pollution has triggered national and international action. In 1973, the World Health Organization set up a global program to assist countries in air pollution monitoring. In 1976 this air-monitoring project became a part of United Nations Environmental Programme's Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS).
