By Rodnay Zaks
Publication through Zaks, Rodnay
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Example text
The pop will result in a transfer of the top element of the stack into the accumulator. Other specialized instructions may exist to transfer the top of the stack between other spe cialized registers, such as the status register. The availability of a stack is required to implement three pro gramming facilities within the computer system: subroutines, in terrupts, and temporary data storage. The role of the stack during subroutines will be explained in Chapter 3 (Basic Programming Techniques). The role of the stack during interrupts will be ex plained in Chapter 6 (Input/Output Techniques).
Let us now introduce the paging concept. 0 SP I I— i MEMORY 0 PUSH POP_ r BASE i Fig. 2-5: The 2 Stack Manipulation Instructions THE PAGING CONCEPT The 6502 microprocessor is equipped with a 16-bit address-bus. 16 binary bits may be used to create up to 216 = 64K combinations (IK equals 1,024). Because of addressing features of the 6502 which will be presented in Chapter 5, it is convenient to partition the memory into logical pages. A page is simply a block of 256 words. Thus, memory locations 0 to 255 are page 0 of the memory.
These programs will serve to illustrate the various concepts presented so far and will use actual instructions. Thus, it will be seen how instructions may be used to manipulate the information between the memory and the MPU, as well as manipulate information within the MPU itself. The next chapter will then discuss in com plete detail the instructions available on the 6502. Chapter 6 will present the techniques available to manipulate information out side the 6502: the input/output techniques. " By examining programs of increasing complexity, we will learn the role of the various instructions and of the registers and will apply the concepts developed so far.
