By David F. Horrobin M.A., D.Phil., B.M., B.Ch. (auth.)
I first took an interest in prolactin a bit over years in the past. i used to be then operating in Nairobi and that i knew not anything concerning the hormone except its position in lactation. Professor Mohammed Hyder of the dep. of Zoology within the college of Nairobi was once attracted to the endocrine mechanisms which allow Tilapia fish to evolve to water with a truly excessive electrolyte content material. He invited me to a seminar given via Professor Howard Bern which used to be principally taken with the function prolactin performs in fluid and electrolyte stability in sub-mammalian vertebrates. This encouraged me to start a programme of study into the jobs prolactin performs in guy and different animals. only a few physiologists or clinicians look conscious of the multifarious results of prolactin in mammals. This publication for that reason goals to provide a complete account of the mammalian body structure of prolactin and to make feedback approximately its attainable function in ailments starting from melanoma to psychological disease. the 2 matters that have been formerly commonly lined, the jobs of prolactin in lactation and in rat mammary melanoma, are offered particularly in short notwithstanding with a whole record of references. different topics are handled extra commonly and that i wish that many study employees and clinicians could locate the booklet helpful.
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Extra resources for Prolactin: Physiology and Clinical Significance
Sample text
In dogs prostatic atrophy was greater after hypophysectomy than after castration but the pituitary factor responsible was not identified. ) In baboons prolactin has been reported to reduce 65 Zn uptake in many tissues but it had no effect on uptake by prostate or seminal vesicles. ) In humans it has been reported that those with prostatic cancer have higher prolactin levels than those with benign prostatic hypertrophy and that prolactin levels rise as the disease progresses. This will be discussed further in the chapter on cancer.
Prolactin during the estrous and menstrual cycles In rats plasma prolactin levels are lowest at diestrus, begin to rise slowly on the morning of proestrus, show a dramatic rise on the afternoon of proestrus and then fall again on the day of estrus. They are still slightly elevated at metestrus. 40 Prolactin in Male and Female Reproduction Pituitary prolactin content is highest on the morning of proestrus and shows a sharp fall in the afternoon. However at estrus it is still higher than at diestrus.
32 Control of Prolactin Secretion Hypothalamic extracts from estrogen-treated animals do not inhibit prolactin secretion from pituitary glands in culture suggesting that their PIF has been depleted. Interestingly estradiol and phenothiazines seem to compete for the same hypothalamic receptor sites. Kanematsu and Sawyer on the basis of the differential effects of hypothalamic and pituitary estrogen implants have suggested that the indirect action operating via the hypothalamus is to stimulate synthesis and storage of prolactin while the direct action is to stimulate release.
