By Kenneth D. Racke (auth.), George W. Ware (eds.)
International main issue in clinical, commercial, and governmental communi ties over strains of xenobiotics in meals and in either abiotic and biotic envi ronments has justified the current triumvirate of specialised courses during this box: entire reports, swiftly released examine papers and development studies, and archival documentations. those 3 overseas guides are built-in and scheduled to supply the coherency crucial for nonduplicative and present development in a box as dynamic and intricate as environmental illness and toxicology. This sequence is reserved ex clusively for the assorted literature on "toxic" chemical compounds in our nutrients, our feeds, our houses, leisure and dealing atmosphere, our family animals, our natural world and ourselves. large efforts all over the world were mobilized to guage the character, presence, value, destiny, and toxi cology of the chemical substances loosed upon the earth. one of the sequelae of this wide new emphasis is an indisputable want for an articulated set of authoritative courses, the place you will see the newest vital global literature produced by way of those rising components of technological know-how including docu mentation of pertinent ancillary laws. examine administrators and legislative or administrative advisers would not have the time to experiment the escalating variety of technical courses which can include articles very important to present accountability. really, those individu als want the heritage supplied through targeted stories and the reassurance that the newest info is made on hand to them, all with minimum literature searching.
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Extra resources for Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology: Continuation of Residue Reviews
Sample text
Environmental Fate of Chlorpyrifos 23 2. Absorption. Absorption is the process of bulk chemical transport across biological membranes. Absorptive uptake following oral or external exposure to a discrete dose is also of interest. The importance of absorption lies in the fact that, by determining to a large extent the level and duration of exposure, this process plays a major role in modulation of both metabolic and toxicologic activities. The metabolism and excretion of chlorpyrifos in animals will be discussed in a later section.
1974) predicted a BCF of 741 and 8 for the two compounds, respectively. Chiou et al. (1977) used a similar approach, but employed water solubility (Sol) to estimate BCF values. 4 ppm they cited for chlorpyrifos results in an estimated BCF of 4094. Kenaga and Goring (1980) used physical properties (water solubility, partition coefficient, soil sorption coefficient) of 170 pesticides and organic chemicals obtained from the literature to construct equations for the prediction of fish BCF under flowing water conditions.
6 x 10- 6 atm m3/Mmay be calculated for the molecule (Downey 1987). For this reason, volatility from water would be expected to be a significant process. Observed half-lives in water under field conditions are much shorter than those estimated by using laboratory-derived, aqueous hydrolytic and photolytic rate constants. Although direct experimental determinations of chlorpyrifos volatility from water are lacking, several observations are relevant. Schaefer and Dupras (1969) conducted "hydrolysis" studies in distilled water in the laboratory and noted unusually short dissipation half-lives of 8-24 hr.
