By Petra Y. Kunz, Cornelia Kienle (auth.), David M. Whitacre (eds.)
Foreword
Preface
Gammarus spp. in Aquatic Ecotoxicology and Water Quailty overview: in the direction of built-in Multilevel Tests
Petra Y. Kunz, Cornelia Kienle and Almut Gerhardt
The Svalbard Glaucous Gull as Bioindicator Species within the ecu Arctic: perception from 35 Years of Contaminants Research
J. Verreault, G.W. Gabrielsen and J.O. Bustnes
Fenamiphos and comparable Organophosphorus insecticides: Environmental destiny and Toxicology
Tanya Cáceres, Mallavarapu Megharaj, Kadiyala Venkateswarlu, Nambrattil Sethunathan and Ravi Naidu
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Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 205
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Example text
In addition, the time to first attack increased when G. minus was exposed to a predator (green sunfish) if G. minus was also exposed to conspecific cues; in contrast, the time to first attack decreased when G. minus were exposed to heterospecific cues. Thus, G. minus seems to benefit from its antipredator response to conspecific cues (Wisenden et al. 1999). 2 Drift Behavior Resulting from Pollution Antipredator behavior may be induced not only by a predator but also by chemical threads. Previous studies on pulsed exposures to pyrethroid insecticides showed that many stream macroinvertebrates respond to such exposures by demonstrating catastrophic drift (Breneman and Pontasch 1994; Sibley et al.
0 μg/L) groups, the initial population density doubled and mainly juveniles were present. With increasing copper concentration, a decrease in both density and number of juveniles present was observed. The density was lower than that of the initial population. 1 μg/L Cu), the number of adults was significantly reduced. 2 μg/L Cu, respectively. Y. Kunz et al. 2 Life-History Traits Different life stages of G. pulex were used to examine effects on key life-history traits following short and environmentally realistic pulse exposures of the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate (Cold and Forbes 2004).
3 Combined Assessment of Locomotory, Ventilatory, and Feeding Activity In a very recent study (Felten et al. 5 and 15 μg/L) on physiological and behavioral responses of G. pulex. Mortality and whole-body cadmium concentration of exposed gammarids were found to be significantly higher than were in controls. Cadmium exposure exerted a significant decrease in osmolality and hemolymph Ca2+ concentration, but not in hemolymph Na+ and Cl− concentrations, whereas the Na+ /K+ -ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) activity was significantly increased to maintain homeostasis.
