By Michael Welch
From its greatest towns to deep inside its heartland, from its seriously trafficked airlines to its meandering state byways, the USA has turn into a state racked via anxiousness approximately terrorism and nationwide safety. In reaction to the fears caused through the tragedy of September eleventh, the kingdom has replaced in numerous methods. Airline safeguard has tightened, mail carrier is heavily tested, and regulations on civil liberties are extra with no trouble imposed by way of the govt and accredited through a cautious public. The altered American panorama, even if, contains greater than defense measures and identity playing cards. The country's determined quest for safeguard is seen in lots of much less noticeable, but extra insidious methods. In Scapegoats of September eleventh, criminologist Michael Welch argues that the "war on terror" is a political charade that grants illusory convenience, stokes worry, and produces scapegoats used as emotional aid. unfortunately, a lot of the outrage that resulted from September eleventh has been unique at these now not keen on the assaults at the Pentagon or the dual Towers. As this e-book explains, these humans became the scapegoats of September eleventh. Welch takes at the uneasy job of checking out a number of the manifestations of displaced aggression, such a lot significantly the dislike crimes and country crimes that became embarrassing hallmarks either at domestic and in another country.
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Extra resources for Scapegoats of September 11th: Hate Crimes & State Crimes in the War on Terror
Sample text
According to Tom Douglas: “The ancient process of the transfer and of evil, which has come to be known as ‘scapegoating,’ seems to have existed 35 03-R3894 7/28/06 12:46 PM Page 36 36 SCAPEGOATS OF SEPTEMBER 11TH ever since human beings held the concept that they were under the supervision of divine beings” (1995, ix). Beyond serving certain mystical purposes, the functions of scapegoating are widely recognized, in particular from the perspective of social constructionism. “When, in times of turmoil, new forms of deviance are needed by a society in order to provide scapegoats for deep social tensions, they will usually be invented” ( Jeffrey 1992,1).
The criminology of the other thrives in the war on terror because it builds on stereotyping Arab and Muslim men as possible terrorists, reminiscent of derogatory ethnic and religious images dating back to the Crusades of the eleventh century (Said 1997, 1978). Also taking cues from the criminology of the other, the war on terror concentrates on the terrorist problem rather than the terrorism problem, thereby neglecting the sources and causes of political violence. Compounding that problem, the Bush administration has failed to recognize that Al Qaeda is now a global Islamic insurgency, rather than a conventional terrorist organization, therefore presenting a different form of threat.
From that perspective, Scheuer and others such as Richard Clarke (2004) have been critical of the Bush administration’s invasion of Iraq not only because it has diverted attention and resources away from the real war on terror but because it has also inflamed anti-American sentiment around the Arab world. Consequently, the war in Iraq has become a recruiting bonanza for Al Qaeda and other terrorist offshoots (Scheuer 2004). Finally, borrowing from Mary Douglas, the criminology of the other as an extension of scapegoating also benefits from mystical thought styles.
