By Kuppuswamy Anantha Padmanabhan, Graeme John Davies (auth.)
This is the second one e-book in a brand new sequence - "Materials study and Engineering" - dedicated to the technological know-how and expertise of fabrics. "Materials learn and Engineering" evolves from a prior sequence on "Reine und Allgemeine Metallkunde", which used to be edited via Werner KBster till his 80th birthday in 1976. even though the current sequence is an outgrowth of the sooner one, it's going to now not and can't be considered as a continuation. There needed to be a shift of scope - and a transformation in presenta tion besides. Metallurgy isn't any longer an remoted artwork and technological know-how. fairly, it really is associated by way of its clinical foundation and technological implications to non-metallic and composite fabrics, in addition to to strategies for construction, refining, shaping, floor therapy, and alertness. therefore, the recent sequence, "Materials study and Engineering", will current up to date details on medical and technological professional gress, in addition to on problems with basic relevance in the engineering box and business society. Following the overall place research of fabrics within the current international as given in quantity 1, now quantity 2 makes a speciality of a unique subject: It presents an intensive remedy of theoretical, experimental, and utilized facets of superplasticity.
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Additional resources for Superplasticity: Mechanical and Structural Aspects, Environmental Effects, Fundamentals and Applications
Sample text
At elevated temperatures stress-strain rate evaluation from stress relaxation tests is not accurate as the machine stiffness is not constant and numerous machine and instrumentation problems exist. The initial portion of the load-extension curve, on the other hand, could contain a plastic flow component while for the interpretation of data this portion is assumed to be elastic. Moreover, the apparent Viscosity' of the grain boundaries leads to a time-dependent release of elastic energy which may appear as an internal stress.
On the other hand, according to Langdon (117) a somewhat similar non-linear analysis (due to Nix and co-workers) is not very useful in predicting superplastic elongations. Finally none of the analyses described in this section is capable of explaining the experimental observation that the onset of necking is postponed with a decrease in grain size (81). 2 The geometry of neck formation The geometry of developing necks has been treated by a number of workers. The problem is one in which given an initial distribution of cross-sectional areas and a constitutive relation, it is necessary to predict the new distribution of areas at some arbitrary time during progressive elongation.
Of these (ii) warrants further attention. Attention must also be given to the influence of temperature and grain size. As was mentioned previously, superplastic deformation is quasiviscous with a delay time for the onset of steady state flow. The strain necessary to attain the steady state increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The transition from the unsteady to the steady state flow conditions, however, is gradual (93,99,209). When the stress-strain rate relation is evaluated within the steady state most superplastic materials show a sigmoidal variation of 1n 0- t with 1n ~ t' (Occasionally these sigmoidal plots are divided into three 51 approximately linear regions of different slopes.
