By Carlo Combi, Elpida Keravnou-Papailiou, Yuval Shahar
The potent and effective use of data structures in future health care companies and companies is a crucial section of the standard of lifestyles world wide. The modeling of time has attracted curiosity from a couple of learn groups, every one addressing facets from its particular sphere of pursuits. The database platforms neighborhood is attracted to tips on how to shop, retain, and question time-oriented information. the substitute Intelligence (AI) group is drawn to formal theories of time, temporal logics, temporal constraints and temporal reasoning innovations. the unreal Intelligence in drugs (AIM) group is attracted to the wider concerns occupied with reasoning approximately time-oriented info: specifically, the results of temporal reasoning on scientific projects akin to prognosis, tracking, and longitudinal guideline-based care.
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Example text
Forbus [143] has extended the notion of histories within his qualitative process theory. Kowalski and Sergot’s Event Calculus Kowalski and Sergot proposed in [228] the Event Calculus (EC), a theory of time and change. EC is an interesting framework, because it is general, well founded and deeply formally studied, and it has also been applied to temporal reasoning in medical domains [212, 235, 206]. From a description of events that occur in the real world and properties they initiate or terminate, EC derives the validity intervals over which properties hold.
Holds(propN, t) terminates(ev2, prop, t) ⇐= happens(ev2, t) ∧ holds(prop1, t) ∧ ... ∧ holds(propN, t) The above initiates (terminates) clause states that each event of type ev1 (ev2) initiates (terminates) a period of time during which the property prop holds, provided that N (possibly zero) given preconditions hold at instant t. The EC model of time and change is concerned with deriving the maximal validity intervals (MVIs) over which properties hold: a validity interval must not contain any interrupting event for the property; a maximal validity interval (MVI) is a validity interval which is not a subset of any other validity interval for the property.
Absolute and relative vagueness, duration, and incompleteness: an occurrence is associated with absolute vagueness if its initiation and/or termination cannot be precisely specified in a given temporal context; precision is relative to the particular temporal context. g. the earliest possible and latest possible time for its initiation or termination, or the minimum and maximum for its duration: “an atrial fibrillation episode occurred on December 14th, 1995 between 14:30 and 14:45 and lasted for three-four minutes”.
